Table 3.
Results of pesticide detection in commercial rice samples collected from markets in Hanoi, Vietnam.
| No. | Compound | Group | MRL * µg Kg−1 |
Lowest Level µg Kg−1 |
Highest Level µg Kg−1 |
Number of Samples Detected | Number of Noncompliance Samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2,4-D | Herbicide | 100 | 4.3 | 14.5 | 7 | 0 |
| 2 | Acetamiprid | Insecticide | 10 | 1.6 | 43.2 | 11 | 3 |
| 3 | Anthraquinone | Other | 10 | 1.4 | 15.4 | 6 | 2 |
| 4 | Azoxystrobin | Fungicide | 10 | 2.3 | 64.2 | 7 | 2 |
| 5 | Bifenthrin | Insecticide | 10 | 3.3 | 45.5 | 12 | 10 |
| 6 | Butachlor | Herbicide | 500 | 5.2 | 149.4 | 10 | 0 |
| 7 | Carbaryl | Insecticide | 1000 | 7.0 | 82.4 | 8 | 0 |
| 8 | Carbendazim | Fungicide | 2000 | 2.6 | 100.2 | 11 | 0 |
| 9 | Carbofuran | Insecticide | 100 | 1.3 | 14.3 | 9 | 0 |
| 10 | Carbosulfan | Insecticide | 200 | 1.7 | 20.1 | 8 | 0 |
| 11 | Chlorpyrifos | Insecticide | 100 | 1.4 | 14.2 | 13 | 0 |
| 12 | Lambda-cyhalothrin | Insecticide | 10 | 1.7 | 33.4 | 14 | 3 |
| 13 | Cypermethrin | Insecticide | 2000 | 1.6 | 58.3 | 11 | 0 |
| 14 | Dichlorvos | Insecticide | 100 | 2.3 | 14.2 | 10 | 0 |
| 15 | Fenobucarb | Insecticide | 500 | 3.7 | 23.6 | 11 | 0 |
| 16 | Fipronil | Insecticide | 10 | 5.0 | 54.2 | 8 | 2 |
| 17 | Hexaconazole | Fungicide | 100 | 1.0 | 22.6 | 9 | 0 |
| 18 | Imidacloprid | Insecticide | 50 | 4.2 | 45.4 | 11 | 0 |
| 19 | Indoxacarb | Insecticide | 20 | 2.5 | 16.7 | 6 | 0 |
| 20 | Metaflumizone | Insecticide | 500 | 2.7 | 9.0 | 7 | 0 |
| 21 | Permethrin, cis- | Insecticide | 2000 | 5.2 | 22.5 | 8 | 0 |
| 22 | Permethrin, trans- | Insecticide | 2000 | 2.6 | 21.5 | 9 | 0 |
| 23 | Spinosad | Insecticide | 1000 | 3.7 | 14.3 | 7 | 0 |
| 24 | Thiamethoxam | Insecticide | 100 | 2.5 | 57.3 | 9 | 0 |
*: EU MRLs regulation.