Table 5.

Variables and sub-variables that drive away from the adoption of PFAS-related laws, policies, and regulations.

Variable	Description
Political	Restrictive Legislative Feedback Loops. Lack of regulatory action at the U.S. national-level leads to inaction at the state-level. Regulatory Limitations. Some states are hesitant to set regulations in the absence of federal guidance and/or national regulations. Differing Priorities. Some states prioritize the regulation of other substances above PFAS regulation.
Economic	Economic Challenges. PFAS monitoring and remediation efforts are cost-prohibitive for some U.S. states.
Scientific	Scientific Ambiguity. Scientific evidence demonstrating harm from exposure to many PFAS is ambiguous, lacks specificity, or is unavailable.
Practical	Practical Challenges. Testing and monitoring for PFAS contamination and exposure presents technical challenges. Industry Self-Regulation. Voluntary removal of some PFAS from the market has reduced regulatory momentum.