Table 6.
Concentration (µg/L) of volatile compounds of Area 2 Corvinone wines.
| Yeast 1 | Yeast 2 | Yeast 3 | Yeast 4 | Spontaneous | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± sd | mean ± sd | mean ± sd | mean ± sd | mean ± sd | |
| Alcohols | |||||
| 1-Butanol | 435.89 ± 5.62 | 246.54 ± 7.13 | 202.54 ± 3.61 | 161.62 ± 28.98 | 203.59 ± 32.91 |
| 2-Butanol | 3865.04 ± 40.39 | 4224.78 ± 295.96 | 4888.37 ± 123.11 | 4074.09 ± 56.97 | 4692.72 ± 419.96 |
| 1-Pentanol | 69.68 ± 10.63 | 53.39 ± 3.74 | 51.05 ± 1.63 | 40.72 ± 1.02 | 36.36 ± 1.58 |
| Isoamyl alcohol (mg/L) | 25.80 ± 8.01 | 32.46 ± 25010 | 266.04 ± 4.14 | 312.92 ± 9.35 | 218.75 ± 2.01 |
| Phenylethyl alcohol (mg/L) | 21.67 ± 0.30 | 26.48 ± 2.34 | 20.01 ± 0.02 | 24.69 ± 1.02 | 15.01 ± 0.06 |
| Methionol | 116.97 ± 4.76 | 217.18 ± 60.02 | 129.93 ± 9.23 | 259.07 ± 18.89 | 69.61 ± 2.59 |
| C6 alcohols | |||||
| 1-Hexanol | 1149.65 ± 29.59 | 1424.44 ± 70.95 | 1054.97 ± 33.81 | 1154.77 ± 40.13 | 1189.48 ± 53.31 |
| trans-3-Hexen-1-ol | 15.01 ± 1.16 | 19.05 ± 1.02 | 13.65 ± 0.96 | 18.31 ± 0.26 | 13.40 ± 1.28 |
| cis-3-Hexen-1-ol | 11.12 ± 0.28 | 15.55 ± 0.16 | 11.72 ± 0.59 | 15.26 ± 0.30 | 13.78 ± 1.94 |
| cis-2-Hexen-1-ol | 16.00 ± 0.44 | 15.68 ± 0.33 | 16.11 ± 0.35 | 17.28 ± 0.94 | 15.07 ± 0.94 |
| Acetate esters | |||||
| Isoamyl acetate | 702.55 ± 31.55 | 689.58 ± 45.25 | 450.43 ± 15.25 | 373.92 ± 23.64 | 708.08 ± 37.99 |
| n-Hexyl acetate | 10.75 ± 1.54 | 12.18 ± 3.84 | 8.81 ± 2.03 | 17.77 ± 0.24 | 14.02 ± 2.14 |
| 2-Phenylethyl acetate | 26.14 ± 2.51 | 26.53 ± 2.86 | 14.21 ± 1.85 | 14.32 ± 2.01 | 32.92 ± 2.21 |
| Ethyl acetate (mg/L) | 57.70 ± 1.62 | 70.32 ± 9.73 | 69.85 ± 1.60 | 54.02 ± 6.67 | 158.50 ± 2.59 |
| Branched-chain fatty acids ethyl esters | |||||
| Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 1.83 ± 0.04 | 2.53 ± 0.04 | 2.31 ± 0.14 | 2.93 ± 0.09 | 1.12 ± 0.08 |
| Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 3.11 ± 0.14 | 3.10 ± 0.13 | 3.21 ± 0.16 | 2.95 ± 0.08 | 3.10 ± 0.18 |
| Fatty acids ethyl esters | |||||
| Ethyl butanoate | 267.28 ± 27.74 | 366.95 ± 11.50 | 201.25 ± 3.67 | 241.66 ± 12.76 | 262.34 ± 21.33 |
| Ethyl hexanoate | 415.84 ± 14.28 | 567.81 ± 45.25 | 358.27 ± 11.13 | 439.93 ± 23.36 | 364.84 ± 50.11 |
| Ethyl octanoate | 221.11 ± 6.07 | 320.36 ± 68.82 | 236.13 ± 6.18 | 282.17 ± 7.74 | 198.47 ± 11.00 |
| Ethyl lactate | 226.73 ± 7.34 | 443.77 ± 29.85 | 206.46 ± 8.03 | 277.63 ± 36.13 | 531.84 ± 41.32 |
| Ethyl decanoate | 51.72 ± 7.74 | 85.86 ± 5.85 | 67.95 ± 2.79 | 75.81 ± 10.45 | 48.74 ± 6.30 |
| Other esters | |||||
| Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate | 198.08 ± 5.95 | 266.81 ± 20.89 | 215.93 ± 5.90 | 168.82 ± 12.93 | 128.57 ± 28.39 |
| Ethyl 2-hydroxyhexanoate | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 1.42 ± 0.04 | 0.66 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.33 ± 0.04 |
| Fatty acids | |||||
| 3-Methylbutanoic acid | 374.47 ± 10.27 | 432.56 ± 57.91 | 364.05 ± 17.82 | 459.10 ± 2.18 | 282.97 ± 14.81 |
| Hexanoic acid | 2194.09 ± 377.72 | 3172.54 ± 401.13 | 2056.21 ± 65.63 | 2299.39 ± 149.00 | 1868.12 ± 27.08 |
| Octanoic acid | 4021.06 ± 130.90 | 5095.48 ± 359.10 | 3948.40 ± 101.82 | 4166.92 ± 87.94 | 3786.14 ± 46.03 |
| Terpenoids | |||||
| cis-Linaloloxide | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
| trans-Linaloloxide | 0.08 ± 0.07 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
| Linalool | 5.34 ± 0.19 | 6.44 ± 0.05 | 6.30 ± 0.29 | 6.52 ± 0.52 | 5.55 ± 0.66 |
| Geraniol | 1.09 ± 0.20 | 1.67 ± 0.24 | 1.75 ± 0.21 | 1.75 ± 0.26 | 1.68 ± 0.30 |
| α-Terpineol | 3.08 ± 0.07 | 4.18 ± 0.11 | 4.30 ± 0.32 | 3.51 ± 0.13 | 3.41 ± 0.30 |
| β-Citronellol | 10.93 ± 0.36 | 6.57 ± 0.17 | 7.82 ± 0.84 | 7.94 ± 0.42 | 6.92 ± 0.28 |
| α-Phellandrene | 2.90 ± 0.16 | 2.79 ± 0.04 | 3.07 ± 0.18 | 3.45 ± 0.35 | 2.97 ± 0.24 |
| α-Terpinen | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.12 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
| β-Myrcene | 3.76 ± 0.21 | 3.68 ± 0.04 | 3.98 ± 0.24 | 4.48 ± 0.45 | 3.89 ± 0.27 |
| Limonene | 0.68 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.71 ± 0.04 | 0.72 ± 0.04 | 0.67 ± 0.03 |
| 1,4-Cineole | 0.04 ± 0.00 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| 1,8-Cineole | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
| p-Cymene | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.00 | 0.15 ± 0.00 | 0.17 ± 0.02 |
| Terpinolene | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.27 ± 0.03 |
| Terpinen-4-ol | 1.59 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
| Norisoprenoids | |||||
| β-Damascenone | 3.19 ± 0.08 | 2.77 ± 0.15 | 2.87 ± 0.04 | 3.03 ± 0.25 | 2.54 ± 0.23 |
| 3-Hydroxy-β-damascone | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.05 |
| Vitispirane | 3.56 ± 0.28 | 4.42 ± 0.14 | 3.43 ± 0.14 | 3.54 ± 0.17 | 3.44 ± 0.23 |
| TPB | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 |
| TDN | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.02 |
| Benzenoids and others | |||||
| Benzyl alcohol | 39.17 ± 0.30 | 34.19 ± 1.61 | 31.11 ± 3.26 | 52.14 ± 5.28 | 56.54 ± 0.81 |
| Vanillin | 5.45 ± 0.07 | 5.54 ± 0.16 | 5.49 ± 0.21 | 5.60 ± 0.21 | 5.50 ± 0.14 |
| Ethyl vanillate | 177.78 ± 4.48 | 185.85 ± 22.39 | 145.92 ± 19.79 | 184.34 ± 21.53 | 180.38 ± 33.66 |
| Methyl vanillate | 10.56 ± 0.22 | 13.24 ± 0.30 | 11.47 ± 0.72 | 12.80 ± 1.77 | 12.04 ± 1.13 |
| Benzaldehyde | 14.50 ± 0.09 | 15.03 ± 0.69 | 14.19 ± 0.49 | 14.84 ± 0.24 | 14.80 ± 0.11 |
| Eugenol | 1.26 ± 0.01 | 1.26 ± 0.01 | 1.16 ± 0.06 | 1.26 ± 0.01 | 1.68 ± 0.01 |
| Methyl salicylate | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.63 ± 0.13 | 0.64 ± 0.08 | 0.37 ± 0.02 |
| 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol | 6.70 ± 0.42 | 5.66 ± 0.53 | 5.11 ± 0.65 | 6.98 ± 0.03 | 5.99 ± 0.37 |
| Furfural | 1.79 ± 0.08 | 2.10 ± 0.10 | 1.62 ± 0.12 | 1.86 ± 0.19 | 1.35 ± 0.19 |
| γ-Decalactone | 2.25 ± 0.00 | 3.20 ± 0.16 | 2.47 ± 0.30 | 3.02 ± 0.11 | 2.32 ± 0.08 |
| δ-Decalactone | 22.06 ± 0.52 | 28.68 ± 4.83 | 16.57 ± 2.34 | 28.13 ± 2.51 | 23.11 ± 2.44 |
Nd means not detected. TPB is short for (E)-1-(2,3,6-Trimethylphenyl)-buta-1,3-diene. TDN is short for 1,6,-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronapthalene.