Table 4.
Efficiency scores according to the different models and α-cuts.
| Country | DEA | DEA Bootstrap | FDEA (Different α-Cuts) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bias | Mean | C. Interval | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1 | |||||||||
| Scores | Scores | Scores | 2.5% | 97.5% | EL | EU | EL | EU | EL | EU | EL | EU | EL | EU | Ij | |
| Austria | 0.560 | 0.024 | 0.536 | 0.515 | 0.558 | 0.510 | 0.730 | 0.520 | 0.720 | 0.530 | 0.710 | 0.540 | 0.690 | 0.560 | 0.680 | 0.295 |
| Belgium | 0.886 | 0.028 | 0.858 | 0.826 | 0.882 | 0.730 | 1.000 | 0.740 | 1.000 | 0.760 | 1.000 | 0.780 | 0.990 | 0.790 | 0.970 | 0.668 |
| Bulgaria | 0.839 | 0.055 | 0.784 | 0.716 | 0.836 | 0.640 | 0.920 | 0.650 | 0.900 | 0.670 | 0.880 | 0.680 | 0.860 | 0.690 | 0.850 | 0.527 |
| Croatia | 1.000 | 0.049 | 0.951 | 0.911 | 0.996 | 0.740 | 1.000 | 0.750 | 1.000 | 0.770 | 1.000 | 0.790 | 1.000 | 0.800 | 0.980 | 0.679 |
| Cyprus | 1.000 | 0.158 | 0.842 | 0.704 | 0.996 | 0.920 | 1.000 | 0.940 | 1.000 | 0.960 | 1.000 | 0.980 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.925 |
| Czechia | 0.749 | 0.044 | 0.706 | 0.672 | 0.746 | 0.780 | 1.000 | 0.790 | 1.000 | 0.810 | 1.000 | 0.820 | 1.000 | 0.840 | 1.000 | 0.718 |
| Denmark | 0.905 | 0.059 | 0.846 | 0.788 | 0.902 | 0.770 | 1.000 | 0.790 | 1.000 | 0.810 | 1.000 | 0.820 | 1.000 | 0.840 | 1.000 | 0.716 |
| Estonia | 0.951 | 0.054 | 0.897 | 0.834 | 0.947 | 0.960 | 1.000 | 0.980 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.976 |
| Finland | 0.950 | 0.067 | 0.883 | 0.819 | 0.946 | 0.910 | 1.000 | 0.930 | 1.000 | 0.940 | 1.000 | 0.960 | 1.000 | 0.980 | 1.000 | 0.897 |
| France | 0.833 | 0.032 | 0.801 | 0.766 | 0.830 | 0.710 | 1.000 | 0.720 | 0.990 | 0.730 | 0.970 | 0.750 | 0.950 | 0.760 | 0.930 | 0.633 |
| Germany | 0.606 | 0.028 | 0.578 | 0.554 | 0.603 | 0.530 | 0.760 | 0.540 | 0.740 | 0.550 | 0.730 | 0.560 | 0.710 | 0.570 | 0.700 | 0.326 |
| Greece | 0.964 | 0.065 | 0.899 | 0.817 | 0.961 | 0.670 | 0.960 | 0.680 | 0.940 | 0.700 | 0.920 | 0.710 | 0.900 | 0.730 | 0.890 | 0.577 |
| Hungary | 0.861 | 0.055 | 0.806 | 0.767 | 0.857 | 0.680 | 0.970 | 0.690 | 0.950 | 0.710 | 0.940 | 0.720 | 0.920 | 0.740 | 0.900 | 0.593 |
| Ireland | 1.000 | 0.061 | 0.939 | 0.866 | 0.996 | 0.950 | 1.000 | 0.970 | 1.000 | 0.990 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.965 |
| Italy | 0.940 | 0.049 | 0.891 | 0.839 | 0.935 | 0.730 | 1.000 | 0.750 | 1.000 | 0.760 | 1.000 | 0.780 | 0.990 | 0.790 | 0.970 | 0.669 |
| Latvia | 0.991 | 0.046 | 0.945 | 0.902 | 0.987 | 0.790 | 1.000 | 0.810 | 1.000 | 0.830 | 1.000 | 0.840 | 1.000 | 0.860 | 1.000 | 0.738 |
| Lithuania | 0.791 | 0.039 | 0.752 | 0.709 | 0.787 | 0.680 | 0.970 | 0.690 | 0.960 | 0.710 | 0.940 | 0.720 | 0.920 | 0.740 | 0.900 | 0.594 |
| Luxembourg | 0.896 | 0.038 | 0.858 | 0.824 | 0.891 | 0.890 | 1.000 | 0.910 | 1.000 | 0.930 | 1.000 | 0.950 | 1.000 | 0.970 | 1.000 | 0.875 |
| Malta | 0.791 | 0.044 | 0.748 | 0.714 | 0.788 | 0.840 | 1.000 | 0.860 | 1.000 | 0.870 | 1.000 | 0.890 | 1.000 | 0.910 | 1.000 | 0.795 |
| Netherlands | 0.790 | 0.054 | 0.736 | 0.676 | 0.787 | 0.680 | 0.970 | 0.690 | 0.950 | 0.710 | 0.940 | 0.720 | 0.920 | 0.740 | 0.900 | 0.593 |
| Poland | 1.000 | 0.101 | 0.899 | 0.843 | 0.996 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Portugal | 1.000 | 0.119 | 0.881 | 0.819 | 0.996 | 0.670 | 0.960 | 0.680 | 0.940 | 0.700 | 0.920 | 0.710 | 0.900 | 0.730 | 0.890 | 0.577 |
| Romania | 1.000 | 0.129 | 0.871 | 0.790 | 0.995 | 0.990 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.996 |
| Slovakia | 0.876 | 0.049 | 0.827 | 0.791 | 0.872 | 0.680 | 0.980 | 0.700 | 0.960 | 0.710 | 0.940 | 0.730 | 0.920 | 0.740 | 0.910 | 0.600 |
| Slovenia | 0.924 | 0.069 | 0.854 | 0.797 | 0.921 | 0.920 | 1.000 | 0.940 | 1.000 | 0.960 | 1.000 | 0.980 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.925 |
| Spain | 1.000 | 0.051 | 0.949 | 0.894 | 0.996 | 0.780 | 1.000 | 0.790 | 1.000 | 0.810 | 1.000 | 0.820 | 1.000 | 0.840 | 1.000 | 0.718 |
| Sweden | 1.000 | 0.136 | 0.864 | 0.786 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| United K. | 1.000 | 0.084 | 0.916 | 0.844 | 0.996 | 0.870 | 1.000 | 0.890 | 1.000 | 0.910 | 1.000 | 0.930 | 1.000 | 0.940 | 1.000 | 0.842 |
| Mean | 0.897 | 0.064 | 0.833 | 0.778 | 0.893 | 0.786 | 0.972 | 0.800 | 0.966 | 0.815 | 0.960 | 0.828 | 0.953 | 0.841 | 0.945 | 0.729 |
DEA: Data Envelopment Analysis; FDEA: Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis. L: lower. U: upper.