Table 1.
Demographic information of children from birth to seven years.
| Characteristics | Total (12186) | Non HDP (11977) | HDP (209) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infants at Birth | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 6086 (49.9) | 5975 (49.9) | 111 (53.1) | 0.356 |
| Female | 6100 (50.1) | 6002 (50.1) | 98 (46.9) | |
| Weight at birth (g) | 3054.85 ± 387.54 | 3054.93 ± 387.58 | 3050.12 ± 386.51 | 0.859 |
| Height at birth (cm) | 49.01 ± 2.08 | 49.02 ± 2.08 | 48.86 ± 1.98 | 0.288 |
| Birth weight z score | 0.15 ± 1.01 | 0.15 ± 1.01 | 0.13 ± 0.93 | 0.727 |
| Birth height z score | 0.10 ± 0.99 | 0.10 ± 0.99 | 0.00 ± 0.86 | 0.142 |
| 1 year | Total (10329) | Non HDP (10144) | HDP (185) | p |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 5155 (49.9) | 5058 (49.9) | 97 (52.4) | 0.488 |
| Female | 5174 (50.1) | 5086 (50.1) | 88 (47.6) | |
| Age at measurement (years) | 1.13 ± 0.11 | 1.14 ± 0.11 | 1.13 ± 1.13 | 0.629 |
| Height at 1 year (cm) | 69.83 ± 6.72 | 69.82 ± 6.73 | 70.47 ± 6.07 | 0.191 |
| Weight at 1 year (kg) | 8.35 ± 1.80 | 8.35 ± 1.80 | 8.47 ± 1.72 | 0.363 |
| BMI at 1 year (kg/m2) | 16.85 ± 1.72 | 16.85 ± 1.72 | 16.83 ± 1.61 | 0.877 |
| Height z score (1 years) | −2.11 ± 2.61 | −2.11 ± 2.61 | −1.85 ± 2.38 | 0.173 |
| Weight z score (1 years) | 0.0 ± 1.0 | −0.00 ± 1.00 | 0.07 ± 0.95 | 0.362 |
| BMI z score | 0.39 ± 1.28 | 0.39 ± 1.28 | 0.37 ± 1.21 | 0.792 |
| 2 year | Total (9014) | Non HDP (8848) | HDP (166) | p |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 4544 (50.4) | 4456 (50.4) | 88 (53.0) | 0.499 |
| Female | 4470 (49.6) | 4392 (49.6) | 78 (47.0) | |
| Age at measurement (years) | 1.60 ± 0.17 | 1.60 ± 0.17 | 1.61 ± 0.17 | 0.337 |
| Weight at 2 years (kg) | 10.56 ± 2.02 | 10.56 ± 2.03 | 10.57 ± 1.24 | 0.943 |
| Height at 2 years (cm) | 80.28 ± 2.86 | 80.28 ± 2.85 | 80.48 ± 3.01 | 0.380 |
| BMI at 2 year (kg/m2) | 16.36 ± 3.31 | 16.36 ± 3.33 | 16.28 ± 1.30 | 0.75 |
| Height z score (2 years) | −0.07 ± 1.12 | −0.07 ± 1.12 | −0.06 ± 1.16 | 0.88 |
| Weight z score (2 years) | 0.00 ± 1.00 | −0.00 ± 1.00 | 0.00 ± 0.61 | 0.943 |
| BMI z score | 0.33 ± 1.17 | 0.33 ± 1.17 | 0.30 ± 1.01 | 0.734 |
| 4 year | Total (7211) | Non HDP (7066) | HDP (145) | p |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 3654 (50.7) | 3581 (50.7) | 73 (50.3) | 0.936 |
| Female | 3557 (49.3) | 3485 (49.3) | 72 (49.7) | |
| Age at measurement (years) | 3.15 ± 0.69 | 3.15 ± 0.70 | 3.11 ± 0.34 | 0.488 |
| Weight at 4 years (kg) | 13.82 ± 1.55 | 13.82 ± 1.54 | 13.77 ± 1.65 | 0.664 |
| Height at 4 years (cm) | 93.20 ± 3.57 | 93.20 ± 3.57 | 93.26 ± 3.44 | 0.845 |
| BMI at 4 year (kg/m2) | 15.88 ± 1.28 | 15.89 ± 1.28 | 15.79 ± 1.19 | 0.350 |
| Height z score (4 yrs) | −0.09 ± 1.07 | −0.09 ± 1.07 | −0.05 ± 0.95 | 0.631 |
| Weight z score (4 yrs) | 0.00 ± 1.00 | 0.00 ± 1.00 | −0.04 ± 1.07 | 0.664 |
| BMI z score | 0.35 ± 0.92 | 0.35 ± 0.91 | 0.27 ± 0.93 | 0.307 |
| 7 year | Total (6198) | Non HDP (6085) | HDP (118) | p |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 3140 (50.7) | 3080 (50.6) | 60 (50.8) | 0.967 |
| Female | 3058 (49.3) | 3000 (49.4) | 58 (49.2) | |
| Age at measurement (years) | 7.01 ± 0.32 | 7.01 ± 0.32 | 7.01 ± 0.25 | 0.960 |
| Weight at 7 years (kg) | 22.68 ± 3.95 | 22.67 ± 3.94 | 23.11 ± 4.50 | 0.227 |
| Height at 7 years (cm) | 119.73 ± 5.39 | 119.73 ± 5.39 | 119.74 ± 5.39 | 0.978 |
| BMI at 7 years (kg/m2) | 15.75 ± 2.00 | 15.75 ± 1.99 | 16.02 ± 2.24 | 0.146 |
| Weight z score (7 years) | −0.00 ± 0.90 | −0.01 ± 0.90 | 0.09 ± 1.02 | 0.227 |
| Height z score (7 years) | 0.15 ± 1.05 | 0.15 ± 1.05 | 0.15 ± 1.04 | 0.984 |
| BMI z score | −1.09 ± 1.02 | −0.11 ± 1.02 | 0.01 ± 1.09 | 0.213 |
Chi-squared test for categorical data and t-test for continuous data; p-values are the statistical tests between non-HDP and HDP groups.