Fig. 3.

Lysosomal regulation of mTORC1 by AA: the ‘inside-out’ model. PRAS40 = 40 kDa Pro-rich AKT substrate; Raptor = regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; mTOR = mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin; Deptor = DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein; mLST8 = mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; Rag = Ras-related GTP binding; GDP = guanosine5′-diphosphate; GTP = guanosine 5′-triphosphate; V-ATPase = vacuolar H⁺-ATPase; FLCN = Folliculin; FNIP1/2 = folliculin interacting protein 1/2; Rheb = Ras homologue enriched in brain; PAT1 = Proton-assisted Amino acid Transporter 1; AA = amino acid; SLC38A9 = solute carrier family 38 member 9.