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. 2021 Sep 14;7(4):1009–1023. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.003

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Regulation of mTORC1 by AA in mammalian cells. SLC1A5 = solute carrier family 1 member 5; SLC3A5/SLC7A2: solute carrier family 3 member 5/solute carrier family 7 member 2; GAAC = general amino acid control; α-KG = α-ketoglutarate; PHD = prolyl hydroxylase; SAM = S-adenosylmethionine; AA = amino acid; CASTOR = cellular arginine sensor for mTORC1; LRS = leucyl-tRNA synthetase; RAS40 = 40 kDa Pro-rich AKT substrate; Raptor = regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; mTOR = mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin; Deptor = DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein; mLST8 = mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; Rab1A = Ras related protein Rab 1A; PAT4 = phytochrome A signal transduction 4; Rheb = Ras homologue enriched in brain; Arf1: ADP ribosylation factor 1; GATOR2 = GAP activity towards Rags 2; GATOR1 = GAP activity towards Rags 1; SAMTOR = S-adenosylmethionine sensor upstream of mTORC1; KICSTOR = Kaptin (KPTN), Integrin alphaphenylalanyl-glycyl-glycyl-alanyl-prolyl (FG-GAP) repeat containing 2 (ITFG2), chromosome 12 open reading frame 66 (C12orf66) and seizure threshold 2 homolog (SZT2)-containing regulator of mTORC1; V-ATPase = vacuolar H+-ATPase; Rag = Ras-related GTP binding; GDP = guanosine5′-diphosphate; GTP = guanosine 5′-triphosphate; SLC38A9 = solute carrier family 38 member 9; Rheb = Ras homologue enriched in brain; FLCN = Folliculin; FNIP1/2 = folliculin interacting protein 1/2; PAT1 = Proton-assisted Amino acid Transporter 1.