Fig. 8.

a The cell body of an eGFP-expressing pyramidal neuron prior to SD (A1) swells following SD evoked by 100 µM ouabain for 10 min (A2). Ouabain is a Na⁺/K⁺ pump inhibitor that induces SD. Swelling does not recover, nor is there dye leakage during next 40 min in aCSF (A3). The horizontal bar (bottom panel) shows the time course of the experiment and indicates when images A1–A3 were acquired. A4) Summary from 11 neurons in 9 slices from 7 animals showing irreversible soma swelling induced by 10 min of superfusion with 100  µM ouabain. Values are shown as percent of control. Shading of each histogram bar corresponds to the same shading in the time line bar above. Asterisks indicate significant difference from control. From Douglas et al. [72]. b SD propagation through higher brain regions, indicated by changes in light transmittance (LT) imaging. A coronal brain slice from adult rat is exposed to OGD for 10 min at 34 °C. SD is generated in the neocortex (5 min) and thalamus (5.4 min), as well as in the CA1 region of hippocampus (7.8 min). Neuronal and astrocytic swelling arises at each moving SD front. Then over several minutes, dendritic beading develops which increasingly scatters light in the wake of SD (purple pseudocoloring, 10 min). Modified from Brisson et al. [73]. aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid, LT, light transmittance, µM, micromolar, ∆LT, change in light transmittance, eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein, SD, spreading depolarization. **P 0.005.