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. 2021 Oct 22;11:20876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00090-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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European summer June–August temperature reconstruction (A) anomalies with respect to reference period AD 1500 – AD 1850) from⁴²; (B) Eastern European May–June temperature reconstruction from tree rings (deviation from mean of reference period 1961–1990)⁴¹; (C) Forest cover calculated from arboreal pollen (AP) with the REVEALSinR function from the R package ‘disqover’ Theuerkauf, et al.⁵⁷; (D) Society Impact Index for 50-year means (grey bars) derived from % land cover with rye (green dashed bars) and historical information (see supplement).