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. 2021 Oct 22;12:6149. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26349-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Analysis is based on CDP responses of 2019 and corporate reports of the corresponding reporting period. For each company the sum of the initial carbon footprint, as provided in the corporate report, and the omitted emissions form the harmonized carbon footprint. Omitted emissions results from sources of errors such as reporting inconsistency, boundary incompleteness, and activity exclusion. See supplementary data: sheet 2.1–2.3 for calculations. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards, Integrated Reporting (IR) framework, or Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards are ticked in case the corporate report was prepared in accordance with them.