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. 2021 Oct 22;11:20922. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00370-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Stomatal structures and characteristics in the rice leaf blade. Pictures of the stomata on the abaxial side of the leaf blade grown under control (a) and Mn-toxic (b) conditions. The upper pictures focus on the stomatal distributions, and the lower pictures focus on the single stomata complex. (c) stomatal density (n = 10–12). (d,e) Show the major and the minor axis of the stomatal complex, respectively (n = 53–63). Data are shown as box plots, black squares indicate the mean value, and bars indicate the range of the maximum or minimum data within a 1.5 × interquartile range (IQR), and these data were obtained from the six independent biological replicates and independent technical replicates as indicated. The green boxes indicate the results under control conditions, and the red boxes indicate those under Mn-toxic conditions. Asterisks represent significant differences between the control and Mn-toxic conditions (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test).