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. 2021 Oct 22;11:20922. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00370-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Leaf indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration and gene expression analysis relating to IAA and stomata development. (a) The result of GC–MS analysis targeting IAA, together with the chemical structures of IAA and its derivatives. The total ion chromatography (TIC) and chromatographs of m/z = 202 and m/z = 319 in the standard IAA solution and the leaf extract from plants under control and Mn-toxic conditions are shown. The retention time of the silylated IAA was 15.2 min. (b) The IAA concentrations in the leaf blade (n = 8). (c) The results of gene expression analysis involving IAA-responsive gene and stomatal patterning (n = 8). All data were obtained from independent biological replicates according to the indicated numbers. The quantified results were normalized to OsATC1-2 expression basis. Asterisks show significant differences between the control and Mn-toxic conditions (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis test).