Table 3.

The sublethal effects of bifenazate on Panonychus citri population parameters.

Population parameters	Control	Bifenazate LC10	Bifenazate LC30
	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE
Net reproductive rate (R0) (day−1)	(55.85 ± 1.98)a	(34.82 ± 1.83)b	(21.29 ± 0.70)c
Mean generation time (T) (day)	(15.28 ± 0.18)a	(14.38 ± 0.14)b	(13.73 ± 0.09)c
Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) (day−1)	(0.26 ± 0.01)a	(0.25 ± 0.01)a	(0.23 ± 0.01)b
Finite rate of increase (λ) (day−1)	(1.30 ± 0.01)a	(1.28 ± 0.01)a	(1.25 ± 0.02)b
Doubling time	(2.64 ± 0.05)b	(2.81 ± 0.07)b	(3.12 ± 0.03)a

Means in a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different by the boostrap paired test (p > 0.05).