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. 2021 Oct 22;11:20894. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99240-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evolution of major volatile abundances in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) scaled by those of CI chondrites in the nominal model. The abundances are normalized by each planetary mass at each time for (a) the main accretion stage, from 10 to 99.5% of Earth’s accretion, and (b) the late accretion stage defined as the last 0.5% of accretion after the magma ocean solidification. The time sequence is shown by lines from top to bottom with snapshots. The thick orange and red lines correspond to the end of main and late accretion stages, respectively. The range in the current BSE composition estimate^4,5,17 is shown for comparison (green area). The mean value of Hirschmann⁵ is shown as a reference for the relative depletion pattern (green line). See Table 1 for the composition of BSE and chondrites.