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. 2021 Oct 22;4:1213. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02719-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b Immunostaining for primary cilia (ARL13B, red) and cilia basal body (Pericentrin: PCNT, yellow) in ciliated SOX2-positive cells of brain organoid generated by orbital mixing or vertical mixing, respectively. The direction from the yellow dot (PCNT) to the red line (ARL13B) is an indicator of the direction of cilia in neural progenitor (SOX2, turquoise) (inset with higher magnification). Scale bars = 50 µm. c The method of measuring cilia angle. d Quantification of cilia angle based on the migration direction of ciliated SOX2-positive cells. Primary cilia of brain organoids generated by orbital organoid showed a bidirectional manner, whereas primary cilia of organoids generated by vertical organoid showed a multidirectional manner. Data were obtained from three different organoids with two or three different regions.