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. 2021 Oct 13;26(20):6168. doi: 10.3390/molecules26206168

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) The analgesic effect of morphine measured on a dynamic plantar aesthesiometer (DPA) test at 30 min, after s.c. administration to mononeuropathic animals. Columns represent the paw withdrawal threshold of the animals in grams ± S.E.M. Asterisks indicate the significant differences between treatment groups or operated (R) and non-operated (L) hind paws (* p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001). Statistical differences were determined with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Data represent means ± S.E.M (n = 5–12 per group). (Karádi, D.Á.; Al-Khrasani, M.; unpublished data). (B) Effect of the systemic administration of morphine to the motor function of rats. Columns represent the time latency of the animals in sec ± S.E.M. at 30 min post-treatment in the rotarod test. Asterisks indicate the significant differences compared to the saline group (one-way ANOVA, Newman–Keuls post-hoc test; *** p < 0.001). In each treatment group, 4–7 animals were used. These results were adopted from our previous work [16].