. 2021 Oct 12;13(20):3504. doi: 10.3390/polym13203504

Table 1.

Mean and standard deviation of various selected ions in enamel and dentine at day 3 expressed in wt.%.

	Experimental Groups	Enamel			Dentine
	Experimental Groups	0.5 mm	0.1 mm	IEL-Enamel	IEL-Dentine	0.1 mm	0.5 mm
Fluoride	cGIC	0.775 ± 0.103 ^3,4	0.125 ± 0.054 ^3,4	6.963 ± 0.677 ^1,2,4,5,6	8.701 ± 0.69 ^1,2,3,5,6	0.114 ± 0.038 ^3,4	0.493 ± 0.067 ^3,4
	Nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC	1.03 ± 0.311 ^2,3,4,5,6	0.389 ± 0.111 ^1,3,4,5,6	2.622 ± 0.027 ^1,2,4,5,6	6.838 ± 0.021 ^1,2,3,5,6	0.053 ± 0.017 ^1,2,3,4	0.101 ± 0.014 ^1,2,3,4
	p-value (t-test)	0.000 **	0.001 **	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.011 *	0.000 **
Silica	cGIC	0.002 ± 0.004 ^3,4	0.138 ± 0.046 ^3,4	6.373 ± 0.68 ^1,2,5,6	6.99 ± 0.596 ^1,2,5,6	0.162 ± 0.039 ^3,4	0.004 ± 0.005 ^3,4
	Nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC	0.685 ± 0.18 ^3,4	0.271 ± 0.07 ^3,4	11.95 ± 1.539 ^1,2,4,5,6	8.969 ± 0.259 ^1,2,3,5,6	0.56 ± 0.172 ^3,4	0.239 ± 0.046 ^3,4
	p-value (t-test)	0.000 **	0.008 **	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.001 **	0.000 **
Phosphorus	cGIC	17.82 ± 0.131 ^3,4	17.526 ± 0.03 ^3,4	16.446 ± 0.285 ^1,2,4,5,6	2.679 ± 0.397 ^1,2,3,5,6	17.53 ± 0.043 ^3,4	17.859 ± 0.158 ^3,4
	Nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC	16.876 ± 0.294 ⁴	16.954 ± 0.056 ⁴	17.057 ± 0.015 ⁴	6.426 ± 0.019 ^1,2,3,5,6	15.323 ± 3.889 ⁴	15.927 ± 1.759 ⁴
	p-value (t-test)	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.001 **	0.000 **	0.24	0.04 *
Calcium	cGIC	37.385 ± 0.195 ⁴	36.269 ± 0.022 ⁴	36.248 ± 0.56 ⁴	0.649 ± 0.447 ^1,2,3,5,6	37.067 ± 4.142 ⁴	36.399 ± 2.416 ⁴
	Nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC	32.973 ± 0.127 ^3,4	35.561 ± 0.071 ^3,4,5,6	24.784 ± 0.043 ^1,2,4,5,6	8.267 ± 0.033 ^1,2,3,5,6	30.722 ± 1.603 ^2,3,4	32.043 ± 2.882 ^2,3,4
	p-value (t-test)	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.013	0.032
Strontium	cGIC	0.002 ± 0.004 ^3,4	0.7 ± 0.017 ^3,4	6.398 ± 0.393 ^1,2,4,5,6	19.692 ± 1.516 ^1,2,3,5,6	0.681 ± 0.051 ^3,4	0.002 ± 0.004 ^3,4
	Nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC	1.191 ± 0.231 ^2,3,4	0.125 ± 0.06 ^1,3,4,5,6	7.408 ± 0.025 ^1,2,4,5,6	12.768 ± 1.005 ^1,2,3,5,6	1.558 ± 0.082 ^2,3,4	1.124 ± 0.184 ^2,3,4
	p-value (t-test)	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.000 **	0.000 **
Aluminum	cGIC	0.093 ± 0.009 ⁴	0.002 ± 0.004 ⁴	0.998 ± 0.349 ⁴	11.87 ± 2.023 ^1,2,3,5,6	0.002 ± 0.004 ⁴	0.098 ± 0.002 ⁴
	Nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC	0.139 ± 0.072 ^3,4,6	0.168 ± 0.12 ^3,4,6	7.069 ± 0.016 ^1,2,4,5,6	8.564 ± 0.032 ^1,2,3,5,6	0.237 ± 0.105 ^3,4	0.393 ± 0.099 ^1,2,3,4
	p-value (t-test)	0.186	0.015 *	0.000 **	0.006 **	0.001 **	0.000 **

* Indicates significant difference between cGIC and nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC (p ≤ 0.05). ** Indicates highly significant difference between cGIC and nano-HA-SiO₂-GIC (p ≤ 0.05). In each row, different superscript numbers indicate intra group significant differences between each material (p < 0.05).