Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation of various selected ions in enamel and dentine at day 7 expressed in wt.%.
| Experimental Groups | Enamel | Dentine | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 mm | 0.1 mm | IEL-Enamel | IEL-Dentine | 0.1 mm | 0.5 mm | ||
| Fluoride | cGIC | 1.096 ± 0.149 3,4,5 | 0.917 ± 0.339 3,4,5 | 4.678 ± 1.528 1,2,4,5,6 | 10.05 ± 1.246 1,2,3,5,6 | 3.026 ± 0.303 1,2,3,4,6 | 0.937 ± 0.184 3,4,5 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 0.677 ± 0.175 3,4 | 0.63 ± 0.09 3,4 | 4.124 ± 2.394 1,2,5,6 | 4.955 ± 1.066 1,2,5,6 | 1.196 ± 0.064 3,4 | 0.075 ± 0.036 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.004 ** | 0.108 | 0.674 | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | |
| Silica | cGIC | 0.082 ± 0.011 3,4 | 0.633 ± 0.209 3,4 | 5.842 ± 1.75 1,2,4,5,6 | 12.46 ± 1.548 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.453 ± 0.217 3,4 | 0.073 ± 0.009 3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 0.685 ± 0.18 2,4,5,6 | 0.271 ± 0.07 1,3,4 | 11.95 ± 1.539 2,4,5,6 | 17.53 ± 1.009 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.314 ± 0.081 1,3,4, | 0.296 ± 0.045 1,3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.000 ** | 0.006 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.216 | 0.000 ** | |
| Phosphorus | cGIC | 17.606 ± 0.153 3,4 | 17.936 ± 0.466 3,4 | 14.133 ± 1.499 1,2,4,5,6 | 3.447 ± 2.222 1,2,3,5,6 | 17.828 ± 0.205 3,4 | 17.458 ± 0.175 3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 15.977 ± 0.153 3,4 | 17.41 ± 0.081 3,4 | 6.3493 ± 1.342 1,2,5,6 | 4.582 ± 1.492 1,2,5,6 | 16.863 ± 1.24 3,4 | 16.576 ± 1.816 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0 | 0.038 * | 0 | 0.371 | 0.125 | 0.311 | |
| Calcium | cGIC | 37.499 ± 0.266 2,3,4,6 | 33.845 ± 0.241 1,5,6 | 31.414 ± 1.189 1,5,6 | 0.136 ± 0.01 1,5,6 | 33.864 ± 1.628 2,3,4,5,6 | 36.874 ± 2.611 1,2,3,4,5 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 29.707 ± 0.12 2,3,4 | 34.022 ± 0.05 1,3,4 | 11.277 ± 3.066 1,2,5,6 | 11.15 ± 1.23 1,2,5,6 | 31.019 ± 2.523 3,4 | 30.865 ± 0.852 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.000 ** | 0.146 | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.067 | 0.001 ** | |
| Strontium | cGIC | 0.415 ± 0.044 3,4 | 0.265 ± 0.101 3,4 | 6.016 ± 1.803 1,2,4,5,6 | 20.208 ± 3.133 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.623 ± 0.146 3,4 | 0.297 ± 0.151 3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 1.132 ± 0.145 3 | 0.6 ± 0.07 3 | 8.711 ± 1.947 1,2,4,5,6 | 17.327 ± 1.661 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.54 ± 0.126 3 | 0.291 ± 0.135 3 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.53 | 0.107 | 0.367 | 0.949 | |
| Aluminum | cGIC | 0.204 ± 0.092 4 | 0.226 ± 0.008 4 | 0.805 ± 0.17 4 | 15.3 ± 0.98 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.176 ± 0.086 4 | 0.165 ± 0.012 4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 0.121 ± 0.007 3,4 | 0.022 ± 0.007 3,4 | 8.279 ± 1.039 1,2,5,6 | 13.48 ± 1.662 1,2,5,6 | 0.191 ± 0.04 3,4 | 0.139 ± 0.044 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.07 | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.068 | 0.732 | 0.233 | |
* Indicates significant difference between cGIC and nano-HA-SiO2-GIC (p ≤ 0.05). ** Indicates highly significant difference between cGIC and nano-HA-SiO2-GIC (p ≤ 0.05). In each row, different superscript numbers indicate significant differences between each material (p < 0.05).