Table 3.
Mean and standard deviation of various selected ions in enamel and dentine at day 15 expressed in wt.%.
| Experimental Groups | Enamel | Dentine | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 mm | 0.1 mm | IEL-Enamel | IEL-Dentine | 0.1 mm | 0.5 mm | ||
| Fluoride | cGIC | 0.031 ± 0.012 3,4 | 0.194 ± 0.008 3,4 | 6.484 ± 1.514 1,2,5,6 | 6.529 ± 1.952 1,2,5,6 | 1.247 ± 0.065 3,4 | 0.663 ± 0.023 3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 0.402 ± 0.089 3,4 | 0.644 ± 0.063 4 | 2.076 ± 0.838 1,4,5,6 | 9.065 ± 1.641 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.418 ± 0.129 3,4 | 0.118 ± 0.022 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.057 | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | |
| Silica | cGIC | 0.389 ± 0.007 3,4 | 0.219 ± 0.012 3,4 | 5.708 ± 2.291 1,2,4,5,6 | 8.334 ± 1.03 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.262 ± 0.017 3,4 | 0.227 ± 0.016 3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 0.396 ± 0.175 2,3,4 | 3.958 ± 0.124 1,4,5,6 | 5.324 ± 0.991 1,4,5,6 | 11.22 ± 1.611 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.338 ± 0.053 2,3,4 | 0.116 ± 0.081 2,3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.934 | 0.000 ** | 0.74 | 0.01 * | 0.015 * | 0.017 * | |
| Phosphorus | cGIC | 15.529 ± 0.01 2,3,4,5,6 | 13.046 ± 0.012 1,3,4,5 | 5.6919 ± 1.56 1,2,5,6 | 5.345 ± 0.472 1,2,5,6 | 11.712 ± 0.006 1,2,3,4 | 12.34 ± 0.011 1,3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 17.173 ± 0.113 3,4 | 16.731 ± 0.09 3,4 | 10.841 ± 1.015 1,2,5,6 | 7.048 ± 1.177 1,2,5,6 | 15.744 ± 3.595 3,4 | 16.937 ± 0.219 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.017 * | 0.037 * | 0.000 ** | |
| Calcium | cGIC | 29.792 ± 0.005 3,4,5,6 | 25.875 ± 0.009 3,4 | 9.9753 ± 2.434 1,2,4,5,6 | 1.034 ± 0.007 1,2,3,5,6 | 25.476 ± 4.036 1,3,4 | 24.085 ± 2.328 1,3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 31.675 ± 0.168 3,4,5 | 32.377 ± 0.1 3,4,5 | 19.517 ± 1.231 1,2,4,5,6 | 5.161 ± 0.851 1,2,3,5,6 | 25.719 ± 2.029 1,2,3,4,6 | 32.39 ± 1.667 3,4,5 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.907 | 0.000 ** | |
| Strontium | cGIC | 0.38 ± 0.01 3,4 | 0.451 ± 0.009 3,4 | 8.781 ± 1.02 1,2,4,5,6 | 14.759 ± 1.472 1,2,3,5,6 | 1.406 ± 0.008 3,4 | 1.033 ± 0.009 3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 0.726 ± 0.251 3,4 | 3.617 ± 0.021 4 | 5.221 ± 1.266 1,4,5,6 | 15.427 ± 4.109 1,2,3,5,6 | 1.006 ± 0.062 3,4 | 0.286 ± 0.166 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.015 * | 0.000 ** | 0.001 ** | 0.741 | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | |
| Aluminum | cGIC | 0.009 ± 0.001 3,4 | 0.078 ± 0.005 3,4 | 6.633 ± 3.016 1,2,4,5,6 | 12.14 ± 0.641 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.2 ± 0.008 3,4 | 0.246 ± 0.008 3,4 |
| Nano-HA-SiO2-GIC | 0.29 ± 0.094 3,4 | 0.306 ± 0.048 3,4 | 4.447 ± 1.963 1,2,4,5,6 | 8.268 ± 3.32 1,2,3,5,6 | 0.167 ± 0.099 3,4 | 0.118 ± 0.01 3,4 | |
| p-value (t-test) | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.217 | 0.034 * | 0.486 | 0.000 ** | |
* Indicates significant difference between cGIC and nano-HA-SiO2-GIC (p ≤ 0.05). ** Indicates highly significant difference between cGIC and nano-HA-SiO2-GIC (p ≤ 0.05). In each row, different superscript numbers indicate significant differences between each material (p < 0.05).