Table 2.
Associations of religious affiliation, spirituality (standardised to Z-scores), different combinations of religious affiliation and spirituality, and religious fundamentalism (standardised to Z-scores) with RCT beliefs: Results of binary logistic regression (crude and adjusted) for age, gender, and education level leading to odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.
| RCT1 | RCT2 | RCT3 | RCT4 | RCT5 | RCT6 | RCT Sum | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | ||||||||
| Religious affiliation | Crude 1 | 0.67 (0.22–2.07) | 0.44 (0.16–1.15) | 0.67 (0.22–2.07) | 1.00 (0.54–1.85) | 1.12 (0.57–2.23) | 0.47 (0.20–1.09) | 0.69 (0.42–1.13) |
| Adjusted 2 | 0.74(0.24–2.32) | 0.44 (1.17–1.19) | 0.80 (0.26–2.50) | 1.13 (0.60–2.14) | 1.25 (0.62–2.53) | 0.46 (0.20–1.08) | 0.74 (0.44–1.22) | |
| Spirituality | Crude 1 | 2.05 (1.38–3.0) *** | 1.42(1.03–1.95) * | 1.60 (1.07–2.40) * | 1.30 (1.00–1.69) * | 1.26 (0.94–1.69) | 1.34(1.00–1.79) * | 1.33 (1.09–1.64) ** |
| Adjusted 2 | 2.12 (1.42–3.19) *** | 1.49 (1.08–2.06) * | 1.62 (1.08–2.43) * | 1.37 (1.05–1.78) * | 1.26 (0.94–1.70) | 1.37 (1.02–1.84) * | 1.38 (1.12–1.70) ** | |
| Model 2 | ||||||||
| S+RA | Crude 1 | 2.45 (0.73–8.25) | 0.78 (0.22–2.71) | 1.62 (0.43–6.07) | 1.62 (0.75–3.50) | 1.55 (0.63–3.78) | 0.58 (0.17–1.98) | 1.22 (0.65–2.31) |
| Adjusted 2 | 2.79 (0.81–9.64) | 0.85 (0.24–3.02) | 1.81 (0.47–6.94) | 1.84 (0.83–4.08) | 1.65 (0.66–4.12) | 0.57 (0.17–1.99) | 1.32 (0.68–2.53) | |
| S+NRA | crude 1 | 6.46 (2.15–19.44) ** | 4.00 (1.61–9.94) ** | 4.50 (1.50–14.56) ** | 1.51 (0.58–3.89) | 1.77 (0.63–4.96) | 3.54 (1.50–8.36) ** | 1.29 (1.12–4.71) * |
| Adjusted 2 | 7.17 (2.27–22.67) ** | 4.64 (1.79–12.03) *** | 4.56 (1.40–14.84) ** | 1.56 (0.59–4.14) | 1.75 (0.61–5.07) | 3.51 (1.45–8.50) ** | 2.34 (1.11–4.92) * | |
| NS+RA | crude 1 | a | 0.39 (0.08–1.69) | 0.39 (0.05–3.13) | 0.66 (0.27–1.64) | 0.96 (0.38–2.45) | 0.56 (0.19–1.66) | 0.49 (0.24–1.00) * |
| Adjusted 2 | a | 0.37 (0.08–1.66) | 0.49 (0.06–3.98) | 0.74 (0.29–1.87) | 1.16 (0.44–3.01) | 0.55 (0.18–1.66) | 0.51 (0.24–1.06) * | |
| NS+NRA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Model 3 | ||||||||
| Fundamentalism | Crude 1 | 1.86 (1.17–2.98) ** | 1.71(0.79–3.73) | 1.61 (1.01–2.57) * | 1.21 (0.91–1.61) | 1.88 (1.35–2.61) *** | 0.94 (0.68–1.29) | 1.31 (0.05–1.62) * |
| Adjusted 2 | 1.83 (1.13—2.96) * | 1.26 (0.88—1.81) | 1.53 (0.95–2.45) | 1.18 (0.88–1.57) | 1.89 (1.34–2.68) *** | 0.92 (0.66–1.27) | 1.27 (1.02–1.59) * |
Notes: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. 1 a crude independent variable assessed with a dependent variable. 2 an independent variable together with age, gender, and education level assessed with a dependent variable. RCT1–rejection of the COVID–19 vaccine is an act of true faith and trust in God; RCT2—the vaccine contains modified RNA that changes the human genome, which is a crime against the human race and its Creator; RCT3—vaccination is a sign of the end of the world; RCT4—the pope and false church prophets are fulfilling the intentions of world elites and spreading the ideas of modernism, which contradicts true tradition; RCT5—the current coronavirus pandemic is God’s punishment; RCT6—vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine is morally unacceptable, because tissues from aborted foetuses were used for its development. S+RA = spiritual and religiously affiliated; S+NRA = spiritual but non-religiously affiliated; NS+RA = non-spiritual but religiously affiliated; NS+NRA = non-spiritual and non-religiously affiliated a RCT1 (S+RA) was not possible to estimate due to the low number of respondents in this category; the regression model did not converge.