Figure 1.

Distinct cell cycle programming triggered in PTC upon acute injury. The scheme depicts the different possible fates of cell cycle programming in PTC after AKI. The mitotic cell cycle (light blue line) progressing through G1, S, G2, and M phases generates two daughter cells. Cell cycle arrest (red line with stop sign) of PTC at G1 and G2 checkpoints triggers a senescent/fibrotic phenotype. Alternative cell cycle (i.e., endoreplication) generates mono/multinuclear polyploid cells via endomitosis (yellow line) or mononuclear polyploid cells via endocycle (red line).