Figure 3.

Schematic representation of the materials used for the fabrication of microfluidic chips. Hydrogels made up of natural materials, i.e., alginate, serve as matrices for culturing of cells in microfluidic chips. Thermoplastics such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and high-density polyethylene are commonly used in fabrication. Moreover, the typical white color of paper makes it well suited for color-based detection methods in most assays and used for multiple bioassays in the form of origami-inspired folding devices. Elastomer is generally made up of PDMS. The glass-based microfluidic channel is made by the laser direct writing method. Thermoset, polyester-based, is a droplet-based device that can be used at different flow rates with three different oils.