Figure 5.

Lung samples (n = 3) were homogenized, and single cell populations were prepared for flow cytometry analyses. (A–C) CD4⁺ T cell, CD8⁺ T cell, and GC B cells were analyzed from the lungs of mice infected with 10 LD₅₀ avian influenza virus. (D–F) CD4⁺ T cell, CD8⁺ T cell, and GC B cells were analyzed from the lungs of mice infected with 2 LD₅₀ avian influenza virus. Data are presented as median ± SD (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01) and are representative of the two independent immunization studies conducted on mice. Abbreviations: Naïve + cha—unimmunized infection control; HA VLPs—virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing hemagglutinin (HA) antigen only; NA VLPs—VLPs expressing neuraminidase (NA) antigen only; HANA VLPs—VLPs expressing both HA and NA antigens; M1 VLPs—VLPs expressing only M1 antigen.