Table 1.

Active natural extracts against influenza strains.

S. No.	Plant Name	Plant Extract	Virus	Activity	Ref.
1	Allium sativum	Methanolic extract of roots	H1N1	EC50: 5 mg/mL	[32]
2	Plumbago indica	Ethanolic extract of roots	H1N1	EC50: 1 mg/mL	[32]
3	Arachis hypogaea L.	Peanut skin extracted with hexane	H1N1	IC50: 1.0–1.5 µg/mL	[33]
4	Caesalpinia decapetala	Aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves	H1N1	EC50: 5.7 µg/mL	[34]
5	Carpesium abrotanoides L.	Dried herbal ethanolic extraction	H1N1	IC50: 15.9 µM	[35]
			H3N2	IC50: 11.6 µM
6	Cayratia pedata	DMSO extract of leaves	H1N1	IC50: 65.99 µg/mL	[36]
7	Cayratia pedata	DMSO extract of stem bark	H1N1	IC50: 20.50 µg/mL	[36]
8	Diotacanthus albiflorus	DMSO extract of leaves	H1N1	IC50: 60.09 µg/mL	[36]
9	Diotacanthus albiflorus	DMSO extract of stem bark	H1N1	IC50: 33.98 µg/mL	[36]
10	Embelia Ribes	Fruits extracted with ethyl acetate	H1N1	IC50: 0.2 µM	[37]
11	Hippophae rhamnoides L.	Methanolic extracts of leaves	H1N1	IC50: 7.2l µg/mL	[38]
12	Hippophae rhamnoides L.	Ethyl acetate extracts of leaves	H1N1	IC50: 10.3l µg/mL	[38]
13	Murraya paniculata L.	Petroleum ether extraction of plant leaves	H5N1	IC50: 0.15 µg/mL	[39]
14	Piper longum	Methanolic and chloroform extract from seeds	H1N1	IC50: 33.43–46.24 µg/mL	[40]
15	Piper nigrum	Methanolic and chloroform extract from seeds	H1N1	IC50: 17.47 µg/mL	[40]
16	Polygonum chinense Linn	Methanolic extract of dried and ground whole plant	H1N1	EC50: 38.4–55.5 µg/mL	[41]
17	Poncirus trifoliata	Seeds extracted with ethanol	H1N1	EC50: 2.51 µg/mL	[42]
18	Psoralae Semen	Aqueous extract of unknown part	H1N1	Inhibitory (%): 30	[43]
19	Radix isatidis	Hot methanol and ethanol extraction	H1N1	IC50: 3.34 mg/mL	[44]
20	Ruta graveolens L.	Petroleum ether extraction of plant leaves	H5N1	IC50: 7.8 µg/mL	[39]
21	Strychnos minor	DMSO extract of leaves	H1N1	IC50: 46.69 µg/mL	[36]
22	Strychnos minor	DMSO extract of stem bark	H1N1	IC50: 22.43 µg/mL	[36]
23	Strychnos nux-vomica	DMSO extract of leaves	H1N1	IC50: 33.36 µg/mL	[36]
24	Strychnos nux-vomica	DMSO extract of stem bark	H1N1	IC50: 23.60 µg/mL	[36]

Reference drugs: Ribavirin (EC₅₀: 20.5–49.9 µM); Osehamivir (IC₅₀: 0.015–0.025 µM); Oseltamivir (IC₅₀: 3.71–6.44 µM).