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. 2021 Oct 12;10(20):4666. doi: 10.3390/jcm10204666

Figure 4.

Figure 4

A flowchart of promising treatments for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). PPARα activation by pemafibrate/fenofibrate is associated with modulating energy homeostasis in hyperglycemia and lipid metabolic abnormalities through the regulation of both lipid and glucose levels. Continuous control of levels of glucose and lipid is available with this promising treatment. DR; diabetic retinopathy, DME; diabetic macular edema.