Table 13.

Summary and classification of security attacks in smart healthcare systems.

Attack	Target Actor	Nature	Origin	Launch Method	TCP/IP Layer	Requirements Threats
Node capture	Nodes	Active	External	Physical	Network interface	Confidentiality Non-repudiation Authentication Privacy
False data injection	Nodes	Active	Internal	Physical	Network interface	Integrity
Sleep deprivation	Nodes	Active	External	Physical Logical	Network interface	Availability
Side-channel	Nodes	Passive Active	External	Side-channel	Network interface	Confidentiality Availability
Firmware update	Nodes	Active	External	Logical	Network interface	Confidentiality Non-repudiation Authentication Authorisation
Eavesdropping	Communications	Passive	External	Logical	Network interface Network	Confidentiality Privacy
Data tampering	Communications	Active	Internal	Physical	Network interface	Integrity
Replay	Communications	Active	Internal	Physical	Network	Integrity Authentication Authorisation
Spoofing	Communications	Active	Internal External	Physical	Network interface Network Transport Application	Integrity
Man-in-the-middle	Communications	Active	Internal External	Logical	Network Transport	Confidentiality Integrity Authentication Privacy
Flooding	Communications	Active	Internal External	Logical	Network Transport Application	Availability
Jamming	Communications	Active	External	Physical	Network interface	Availability
Black hole	Communications	Active	Internal	Physical	Network	Availability
Malware	HIS Nodes	Active	External	Logical	Application	Confidentiality Integrity Availability Non-repudiation Authentication Authorisation Privacy
Data leakage	HIS	Passive	External	Logical	Application	Confidentiality Privacy
Phishing	Users	Active	External	Logical	Application	Confidentiality Authentication Authorisation Privacy