Table 1.

A compilation of T cell related pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in μG experiments organized by the least to the most advanced method of μG exposure and duration of the experiment. T cells were taken from human blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), mice, rats, Jurkat T cells, and OTII-TCH cells. Single-headed arrows (↓↑) indicate an increase or decrease, double-headed arrows (↟↡) indicate a significant increase or decrease, and slashes (/) indicate no change.

			Pro-Inflammatory									Anti-Inflammatory
Microgravity Exposure	Time	T Cell Source	IL-1B	IL-1	IL-2	IL-5	IL-12	IL-17/A	IL-22	IFN-y	TNF-a	IL-4	IL-6	IL-8	IL-10	TGF-B1	Study
Headdown Bedrest	21 days	Human blood			↡					↡	↡				↡		[46]
	45 days	Human blood			/			↡	/	↡	/	/	/		↑	↑	[45]
	120 days	Human blood											↟				[44]
2D Clinostat	12 h	PBMC		↑	↓												[88]
	48 h	PBMC			↡												[68]
	48 h	PBMC			↡												[68]
Rotary Wall Vessel	3.5 h	Mice			↡					↡							[69]
	18 h	PBMC								/	↡						[58]
	24 h	Rats			↡					↡							[64]
	24 h	Rats			↡					↡							[64]
	48 h	PBMC					↟										[62]
	48 h	Jurkat T Cells			↡					↟		↡	/		/		[89]
	3 days	PBMC	↑		↓					↓			↑				[66]
	72 h	Rats			↡												[90]
	72 h	PBMC			↓					/							[57]
	72 h	PBMC										↡					[27]
	72 h	Mice			↡												[61]
	120 h	OTII-TCH cells			↓												[91]
3D Clinostat	4 h	PBMC			↡					↡	↡						[67]
	12 h	PBMC			↡												[92]
	12 h	PBMC		↑	↓												[68]
	24 h	PBMC			/					↡	↟				/		[71]
	26.5 h	Mice			↡					↡							[69]
Parabolic Flight	48 h	PBMC			/						/		/		/		[76]
Spaceflight	6 h	PBMC			/					↑							[75]
	14 h	Jurkat T Cells		↓	↓												[93]
	72 h	PBMC		↟	↡					↡	/						[94]
	4 days	Rats			/												[95]
	9 days	Mice								↟							[96]
	10 days	Human blood									↡						[80]
	10 days	Mice			↓												[97]
	13 days	Mice			/					/	↟		/				[98]
	13 days 19 h	Mice			/												[99]
	14 days	Human blood			↟	↡		/		↡	↡	↡	↡		↡		[100]
	14 days	Human blood			/	↡		/		↡	↡	↡	↡		↡		[100]
	14 days	Human blood	/				/				/		/	↟	/		[100]
	15 days	Mice	↟		↡			↟		↑	↑	/	↑		↑		[101]
	15 days	Mice			↡					↡							[69]
	18 days	Human blood			↡					↡							[102]
	30 days	Mice								↡	/		↡				[85]
	175 days	Human blood			/					/							[103]
	180 days	Human blood								/	/		↟				[104]
	6 months	Human blood			/	↡		↡		/	/	↡	/		↡		[84]
	6 months	Human blood			↓	↡		↡		↡	↡	↡	↡		↡		[84]
	6 months	Human blood	↓								/		/	↑	↓		[84]
	11 months	Human blood			/					/							[105]