Table 8.

Evaluation of green biogenic MNPs in prostate cancer cells; biological source, NPs characteristics, IC₅₀, and in vitro models.

Biological Source	Type of NP	Size (nm)	Shape	IC50 µg/mL	Cell Line	Reference
Cyclopia intermedia	AuNPs	20	Spherical and triangular	ND	PC-3	[272]
Acai berry	AuNPs	172	Spherical and triangular	1000	PC-3	[273]
Casein hydrolytic peptide	AuNPs	~20	Hexagonal	ND	DU-145	[274]
Doxorubicin	AuNPs	~75	Spherical	ND	LN-CaP	[275]
Piper Nigrum	AgNPs	15-38	Spherical	ND	PC3	[276]
Salvia miltiorrhiza	AgNPs	100	Spherical, oval, hexagonal, and triangular	ND	LNCaP	[277]
Piperlongum	AgNPs	5–35	Quasi-spherical	73.41 38.53	PC-3 DU-145	[278]
Salacia chinensis	AgNPs	40–80	Rods, triangular and hexagonal	7.46	PC-3	[279]
Saraca asoca	AgNPs	36	Spherical	50.00	DU-145	[280]
Cornus officinal	AgNPs	~12	Quasi-spherical	25.54	PC-3	[281]
Eclipta prostrata	AgNPs	50–75	Spherical	9.84	PC-3	[282]
Moringa oleifera	AgNPs	44–60	Spherical	25.21	PC-3	[282]
Thespesia populnea	AgNPs	47–97	Spherical	31.21	PC-3	[282]
Guiera senegalensis	AgNPs	50	Spherical	23.48	PC-3	[283]
Pestalotiopsis microspora	AgNPs	2–10	Spherical	27.71	PC-3	[284]
Dimocarpus Longan Lour	AgNPs	9–32	Spherical	<10.00	PC-3	[285]
Plumbago zeylanica	AgNPs	80–98	Spherical and cuboid	58.61	PC-3	[286]
Semecarpus anacardium	AgNPs	60–95	Spherical and cuboid	42.77	PC-3	[286]
Terminalia arjuna	AgNPs	34–70	Spherical and cuboid	41.78	PC-3	[286]
Gracilaria edulis	AgNPs	55–99	Spherical	39.60	PC-3	[287]
Alternanthera sessilis	AgNPs	30–50	Spherical	6.85	PC-3	[288]
Cell-free supernatant of actinobacteria	FeNPs	65–87	Spherical	65	PC-3	[289]
Rhus punjabensis	FeNPs	~48	Spherical	12.79	DU-145	[290]
Leucaena leucocephala	ZnNPs	50–200	spherical	103.72	PC-3	[291]
Cinnamomum tamala	TiNPs	23	Irregular	ND	DU-145	[292]

ND: not determined.