Table 1.

VIP compounds identified by univariate statistical and practical significance testing. Common metabolite names (Level 1 identity) are reported with the direction of means change (↑ and ↓ arrows representing KO vs WT mean increases or decreases, respectively). T-test p-values and Cohen’s D values in the cytosol—alongside the correlating mitochondrial KO vs. WT comparison are shown in each tissue. The metabolomics platform from which each significant feature was derived is also shown. N.S.: non-significant statistical test result, N.Q.: not quantified due to being filtered from dataset, N.D.: not detected above baseline level.

Quadriceps Muscle
Cytosol				Mitochondria
Metabolite (Level 1)	KO ∆ (vs. WT)	p	D	KO ∆ (vs. WT)	p	D	Platform
Lactic acid	↓	0.04	1.2	↓	0.04	1.1	1H-NMR
Mg(II)-EDTA	↓	0.10	0.9	↓	0.09	0.9	1H-NMR
Threonine	N.Q.			↓	0.04	1.1	LC-MS/MS
Glycine	N.S.			↓	0.05	1.1	LC-MS/MS
Creatine	N.S.			↑	0.05	1.0	1H-NMR
Histidine	N.S.			↓	0.07	1.0	LC-MS/MS
Tyrosine	N.S.			↓	0.07	1.0	LC-MS/MS
Ornithine	N.D.			↓	0.08	1.0	LC-MS/MS
Leucine	N.S.			↓	0.10	0.9	LC-MS/MS
Hydroxyproline	↓	0.01	1.8	N.Q.			LC-MS/MS
Citrulline	↓	0.07	1.0	N.S.			LC-MS/MS
Acetylcarnitine	↑	0.09	0.9	N.S.			LC-MS/MS
Lysine	↑	0.10	0.9	N.S.			LC-MS/MS
Whole Brain
Cytosol				Mitochondria
Metabolite (Level 1)	KO ∆ (vs. WT)	p	D	KO ∆ (vs. WT)	p	D	Platform
Leucine	↑	0.09	0.9	↑	0.03	1.2	LC-MS/MS
Proline	N.S.			↑	0.03	1.1	LC-MS/MS
Phenylalanine	N.S.			↑	0.03	1.1	LC-MS/MS
Valine	N.S.			↑	0.06	1.0	LC-MS/MS
Octanoylcarnitine	N.S.			↑	0.08	1.0	LC-MS/MS
Glycine	N.S.			↑	0.08	0.9	LC-MS/MS
Ca(II)-EDTA	N.S.			↑	0.09	0.9	1H-NMR
Alanine 1	↑	0.10	0.9	↑	0.13	0.8	LC-MS/MS
Glutamine 1	N.S.			↓	0.12	0.8	LC-MS/MS
Sarcosine 1	↑	0.11	0.8	N.D.			LC-MS/MS

¹ Metabolites approaching statistical and practical significance, yet below defined limits.