Figure 5.

Number of artificial ‘open’, ‘partially closed’, and ‘with one side closed’ (see Figure 1) nest sites in which Temnothorax crassispinus ant colonies (queenright and queenless, respectively) or no ant colonies were found. As part of the field experiment, 50 artificial nest sites from each of the three groups were set in place in early spring 2020 and were then collected about two months later. Three of the nest sites (one from each group) were not included in the analysis, as during the experiment they had been pushed into the ground and their holes were blocked with soil.