Table 1.
FAO/WHO dietary recommended intakes and EFSA dietary reference values for energy, total fat, SFA, LA, ALA, DHA, sum of EPA+DHA, total MUFA and total PUFA for children aged 1–2 years, 2–3 years, 3–5 years and 5–7 years.
| Ref. | Age Groups | Energy (kcal) |
Total Fat | SFA | LA | ALA | DHA | EPA + DHA | MUFA | PUFA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAO/WHO 2010 [17] | 1–2 y | 900 | Gradual reduction, depending on physical activity, to 35%E (AMDR) | No value for this age group | 1–2 y: 3–4.5%E (AI) |
6–24 months: 0.4–0.6%E (AI) |
6–24 months: 10–12 mg/kg (AI) |
6–24 months No DRV |
6–24 months No DRV |
6–24 months No AI; <15%E (U-AMDR) |
| FAO/WHO 2010 | 2–3 y | 1100 | 2–18 y: 25–35%E (AMDR) |
2–18 y: 8%E (U-AMDR) |
>2 y: 2–3%E (AI) 2% (EAR) 2.5–9%E (AMDR) |
>2 y: >0.5%E (L-AMDR) 0.5–2%E (AMDR) |
No DRV | 2–4 y: 100–150 mg (AI) |
2–18 y: Total fat—SFA—PUFA—TFA (AMDR) |
2–18 y: No AI 11%E (U-AMDR) |
| FAO/WHO 2010 | 3–5 y | 1250 | 2–18 y: 25–35%E (AMDR) |
2–18 y: 8%E (U-AMDR) |
>2 y: 2–3%E (AI) 2% (EAR) 2.5–9%E (AMDR) |
>2 y: >0.5%E (L-AMDR) 0.5–2%E (AMDR) |
No DRV | 2–4 y: 100–150 mg (AI) 4–6 y: 150–200 mg (AI) |
2–18 y: Total fat—SFA—PUFA—TFA (AMDR) |
2–18 y: No AI 11%E (U-AMDR) |
| FAO/WHO 2010 | 5–7 y | 1450 | 2–18 y: 25–35%E (AMDR) |
2–18 y: 8%E (U-AMDR) |
>2 y: 2–3%E (AI) 2% (EAR) 2.5–9%E (AMDR) |
>2 y: >0.5%E (L-AMDR) 0.5–2%E (AMDR) |
No DRV | 4–6 y: 150–200 mg (AI) 6–10 y: 200–250 mg (AI) |
2–18 y: Total fat—SFA—PUFA—TFA (AMDR) | 2–18 y: No AI 11%E (U-AMDR) |
| EFSA 2010 [18] 2013 [19] |
1–2 y | 865.75 1 | 1–3.9 y: 35–40%E (RI) |
“As low as possible” | 4%E (AI) |
0.5%E (AI) |
1–2 y: 100 mg (AI) |
No DRV | No DRV | No DRV |
| EFSA 2010 2013 |
2–3 y | 1061 2 | 1–3.9 y: 35–40%E (RI) |
“As low as possible” | 4%E (AI) |
0.5%E (AI) |
No DRV | =and >2 y: 250 mg (AI) | No DRV | No DRV |
| EFSA 2010 2013 |
3–5 y | 1329.5 3 | 1–3.9 y: 35–40%E (RI) =and >4 y: 20–35%E (RI) |
“As low as possible” | 4%E (AI) |
0.5%E (AI) |
No DRV | =and >2 y: 250 mg (AI) | No DRV | No DRV |
| EFSA 2010 2013 |
5–7 y | 1560 4 | =and >4 y: 20–35%E (RI) | “As low as possible” | 4%E (AI) |
0.5%E (AI) |
No DRV | =and >2 y: 250 mg (AI) | No DRV | No DRV |
Abbreviations: AI: adequate intake; ALA: α-linolenic acid; AMDR: acceptable macronutrient distribution range; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; DRV: dietary reference values; EAR: estimated average requirements; EFSA: European Food Safety Authority; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization; L-AMDR: lower acceptable macronutrient distribution range; LA: linoleic acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; RI: recommended intake; SFA: saturated fatty acids; U-AMDR: upper acceptable macronutrient distribution range; TFA: trans fatty acids; WHO: World Health Organization; y: years. 1 total average daily energy requirement for boys and girls of 866 kcal for 1–2 year old children (using a low physical activity level of 1.4) (mean of 744.5 kcal/day for 1 year old boys and girls and 987 kcal/day for 2 year old boys and girls) [19,20]. 2 total average daily energy requirement for boys and girls of 1061 kcal for 2–3 year old children (using a low physical activity level of 1.4)(mean of 987 kcal/day for 2 year old boys and girls and 1135 kcal/day for 3 year old boys and girls) [19,20]. 3 total average daily energy requirements for boys and girls of 1329.5 kcal for 3–5 years (using a low physical activity level of 1.4 for 3 years and a moderate level of 1.6 for 4 and 5 years) [20]. 4 total average daily energy requirement for boys and girls aged 5 years, 6 years and 7 years (using a moderate physical activity level of 1.6) [20].