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. 2021 Oct 8;9(10):e32444. doi: 10.2196/32444

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©Hung-Chang Chen, Shin-Shi Tzeng, Yen-Chang Hsiao, Ruei-Feng Chen, Erh-Chien Hung, Oscar K Lee. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 08.10.2021.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Photographs and gold-standard measurements (real values) (A) Six orbital photographs, including bilateral primary gaze, up-gaze, and down-gaze, were taken by a smartphone. (B) The primary gaze photograph was then magnified for margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and MRD2 measurements. (C) The up-gaze and down-gaze photographs were then magnified for levator muscle function (LF) measurements. (D) A 20×20-mm scale.