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Schematic map of the three procedures. (A) Radiofrequency catheter ablation. (B) Cryoballoon ablation. (C) Totally thoracoscopic ablation. PV, pulmonary vein; GP, ganglionated plexus; LA, left atrium; SVC, superior vena cava. a, PV isolation. b, Roof and posterior line ablation; c, GP ablation; d, LA auricle resection; e, Division of Marshall vein; f, SVC ablation.
