Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Total (n = 353) |
RFCA (n = 125) |
CBA (n = 97) |
TTA (n = 131) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Female) | 60 (17%) | 22 (18%) | 21 (22%) | 17 (13%) | 0.222 |
| Age (years) | 56.9 ± 9.8 | 56.9 ± 10.5 | 57.3 ± 9.7 | 56.6 ± 9.2 | 0.875 |
| Body mass index | 25.5 ± 3.1 | 25.1 ± 2.2 | 25.6 ± 3.2 | 25.8 ± 3.7 | 0.156 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 140 (40%) | 53 (42%) | 43 (44%) | 45 (34%) | 0.256 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 41 (12%) | 18 (14%) | 9 (9%) | 14 (11%) | 0.471 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 52 (15%) | 9 (7%) | 7 (6%) | 36 (28%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 18 (5%) | 4 (3%) | 4 (4%) | 10 (8%) | 0.234 |
| C-V score | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.346 |
| C-V score ≥2 | 128 (36%) | 40 (32%) | 31 (32%) | 57 (44%) | 0.088 |
| Type of AF | <0.001 | ||||
| Paroxysmal | 191 (54%) | 89 (71%) | 69 (71%) | 34 (26%) | |
| Persistent | 162 (46%) | 37 (29%) | 28 (29%) | 91 (74%) | |
| Echocardiographic parameter | |||||
| LV EF (%) | 61.5 ± 7.3 | 62.3 ± 6.2 | 60.9 ± 8.5 | 61.2 ± 7.2 | 0.286 |
| LA diameter (mm) | 43.3 ± 6.5 | 41.4 ± 5.8 | 41.7 ± 6.3 | 46.2 ± 6.4 | <0.001 |
| LA volume index | 43.3 ± 14.9 | 40.1 ± 13.3 | 40.6 ± 12.9 | 48.4 ± 16.3 | <0.001 |
| LA > 50 mm | 60 (17%) | 12 (10%) | 11 (11%) | 37 (28%) | <0.001 |
| Medication | |||||
| AAD * at discharge | 301 (85%) | 108 (86%) | 83 (86%) | 110 (84%) | 0.856 |
| AAD * at 6 months | 164 (47%) | 50 (40%) | 43 (44%) | 75 (57%) | 0.017 |
C-V score represented median with interquartile range. * AAD include class I or III; AAD, antiarrhythmic drugs; RFCA, radiofrequency catheter ablation; CBA, cryoballoon ablation; TTA, totally thoracoscopic ablation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; C-V, CHA2DS2-VASc, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, Age 75, Diabetes, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65–74, Sex; AF, atrial fibrillation; LV, left ventricle; EF, ejection fraction; LA, left atrium.