Table 6.

Association between elevated systolic blood pressure with pure and total fructose exposure from non-natural foods.

		Model 1		Model 2
For Girls	Elevated SBP (n = 84)	OR (95%CI)	p	OR (95%CI)	p
Pure fructose			0.79 *		0.70 *
Low	21/296 (7.1%)	1.00 (ref.)	-	1.00 (ref.)	-
Middle	29/305 (9.5%)	1.01 (0.54 to 1.88)	0.98	1.09 (0.56 to 2.10)	0.80
High	34/300 (11.3%)	0.92 (0.49 to 1.76)	0.81	1.15 (0.57 to 2.32)	0.70
Total fructose exposure			0.22 *		0.38 *
Low	26/296 (8.8%)	1.00 (ref.)	-	1.00 (ref.)	-
Middle	26/304 (8.6%)	0.79 (0.43 to 1.44)	0.44	1.03 (0.52 to 2.04)	0.93
High	32/301 (10.6%)	0.67 (0.36 to 1.26)	0.22	1.45 (0.69 to 3.04)	0.33
For Boys		Model 1		Model 2
	Elevated SBP (n = 79)	OR (95%CI)	p	OR (95%CI)	p
Pure fructose			0.75 *		0.52 *
Low	19/267 (7.1%)	1.00 (ref.)	-	1.00 (ref.)	-
Middle	30/272 (11.0%)	1.15 (0.61 to 2.18)	0.66	1.04 (0.53 to 2.06)	0.90
High	30/265 (11.3%)	0.93 (0.48 to 1.81)	0.83	0.81 (0.39 to 1.67)	0.56
Total fructose exposure			0.83 *		0.45 *
Low	21/269 (7.8%)	1.00 (ref.)	-	1.00 (ref.)	-
Middle	28/267 (10.5%)	1.02 (0.54 to 1.93)	0.94	0.68 (0.35 to 1.33)	0.26
High	30/268 (11.2%)	0.94 (0.49 to 1.79)	0.85	0.83 (0.39 to 1.76)	0.62

High SBP is defined as a value greater than the 90th percentile (>125 mmHg for girls and >137 mmHg for boys)). Model 1: adjusted for centre. Model 2: adjusted for centre, age, Z-score BMI, MVPA duration, tobacco consumption, salt intake and energy intake and calculated after multiple imputations (m = 10) to handle missing data. * p calculated using fructose levels as ordinal variable. Abbreviations: SBP = systolic blood pressure; OR = odds-ratio; CI = confidence interval.