Table 2.
Summary of the reviews related to frailty or fall risk and gait analysis in the literature: author, year, patient’s condition, gait analysis technologies included in the article, number of papers included (M), relevant conclusions.
| Author, Year | Condition * | Technology ** | M | Relevant Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vavasour, 2021 [10] | Frailty | Wearable sensors | 29 | Postural transitions, number of steps, and percentage of time in DPA and intensity of DPA together were the most frequently measured parameters followed closely by gait speed. All but one study demonstrated an association between PA and level of frailty. All reports of gait speed indicated correlation with frailty. |
| Patel, 2020 [16] | Falls | Inertial sensors | 35 | A single sensor located on the lower trunk (the most effective location) is enough to determine fall risk. |
| Zampogna, 2020 [19] | Others | Wearable sensors | 62 | Wireless sensors are a sensitive and objective tool for domestic measurement of control balance, postural dysfunction, gait disorders, or fall risk, providing data in free-living conditions and long-term monitoring. Most of the studies included used inertial devices. |
| Zhong, 2020 [11] | Falls | All | 21 | Parameters related to falls: gait speed, stride length, frequency, acceleration RMS, step-to-step consistency, autocorrelation and harmonic ratio. |
| Petraglia, 2019 [9] | Others | Inertial sensors | 16 | Good concordance between classic gait analysis methods and inertial sensors. |
| Montesinos, 2018 [17] | Falls | Inertial sensors | 13 | Lower back is the most common location. The most significant parameters related to fallers are: RMS acceleration mediolateral, No. of steps, time of TUG test, and step time. |
| Rucco, 2018 [12] | Falls | Wearable sensors | 42 | Accelerometers and gyroscopes are the most used sensors, while trunk is the most common location. |
| Mugueta-Aguinaba, 2017 [13] | Frailty | All | 104 | Supports the use of different technologies in frailty: prevention, care, diagnosis, and treatment. |
| Dasenbrock, 2016 [14] | Frailty | All | 28 | Parameters to diagnose frailty: stride length, double support time, gait speed, and cadence. |
| Taborri, 2016 [8] | - | All | 32 | Feet are the most useful location for accelerometers and gyroscopes in gait analysis. |
| Howcroft, 2013 [20] | Falls | Inertial sensors | 40 | Inertial sensors are promising sensors for fall risk assessment, and lower trunk is the most common location. |
| Schwenk, 2013 [21] | Frailty | All | 11 | Relevant gait parameters to discriminate between frail groups: gait speed, gait variability, cadence, step width variability, step length, and double-support time. |
* Condition: the patient’s medical condition or pathology. The studies included patients with frailty (frailty), with fall risk (falls), or with other diseases (others). ** Technology: consists of the type of technology included in the studies: only inertial sensors (inertial sensors), all types of wearable devices (wearable sensors), and all types, both wearable and nonwearable (all).