Table 1.
Baseline patient demographics and hemodynamics.
| Characteristic | Afib (n = 15) | SR (n = 16) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD (min-max) | 67.0 ± 13.0 (28-80) | 59.3 ± 11.6 (33-82) | 0.098 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 4 (26.6) | 5 (33.3) | 0.8 |
| BSA, m2, mean ± SD (min-max) | 1.81 ± 0.17 (1.39-2.05) | 1.87 ± 0.17 (1.66-2.31) | 0.341 |
| Medical history | |||
| Smoking, n (%) | 7 (46.6) | 8 (53.3) | 0.9 |
| COPD, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 4 (26.6) | 0.8 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (20) | 4 (26.6) | 0.20 |
| CVD, n (%) | 4 (26.6) | 1 (6.6) | 0.134 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.6) | 0.015★ |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 8 (53.3) | 5 (33.3) | 0.148 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 185.8 ± 7.1 | 185.8 ± 7.6 | 0.999 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 116.5 ± 5.6 | 115.7 ± 6.3 | 0.93 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl, mean ± SD | 44.4 ± 4.2 | 39.5 ± 1.9 | 0.35 |
| LVEDD, mm, mean ± SD | 54.6 ± 6.9 | 54.3 ± 12 | 0.927 |
| LVESD, mm, mean ± SD | 34.7 ± 6.2 | 35.5 ± 9.4 | 0.748 |
| DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 86.8 ± 11.4 | 89 ± 9.6 | 0.07 |
| LVEF, %, mean ± SD | 52.9 ± 8.9 | 53.0 ± 7.1 | 0.964 |
| Systolic PAP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 54.7 ± 9 | 43 ± 16 | 0.008★ |
| LA diameter, mm, mean ± SD | 55.9 ± 6.2 | 47.7 ± 6.3 | <0.0001★ |
| NYHA, > class 2, n (%) | 10 (66.6) | 9 (60) | 0.3 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation, > 2, n (%) | 6 (40) | 2 (13.3) | <0.0001★ |
| Euroscore, mean ± SD | 5.8 ± 3.5 | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 0.051 |
| Logistic Euroscore, %, mean ± SD | 8.2 ± 8.1 | 4.1 ± 4.8 | 0.07 |
| Medications | |||
| Antihyperlipidemic, n (%) | 7 (46.6) | 7 (46.6) | 1 |
| Digitalis, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 2 (13.3) | 0.184 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 0.014★ |
| Beta blocker, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 10 (66.6) | 0.621 |
| ACE/ARB inhibitors, n (%) | 9 (60) | 8 (53.3) | 0.224 |
Data presented as mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05 Student's t-test for paired comparisons. ★ indicates significantly different P values. AFib: atrial fibrillation; SR: sinus rhythm; BSA: body surface area; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD: cerebrovascular disease; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PAP: pulmonary artery pressure; LA: left atrium; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers.