Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of included studies in South Africa.
| Author | Year of Publication | Vaccination era | Province | Study Setting | Design | Duration /Period |
Sample size | Assay Method | Age Band | No. (%) of Rotavirus Positive Cases | “Quality Score (A = 9–12) (B = 5–8) (C = 1–4)” |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asowata et al. | 2018 | Post-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Outpatients | Cross-sectional | 2014–2015 | 365 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 83 (23) | B | [11] |
| Page et al. | 2016 | Post-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2014–2015 | 816 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 201 (24.6) | A | [45] |
| Page et al. | 2016 | Post-vaccine | Western Cape | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2014–2015 | 432 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 70 (16.2) | A | [45] |
| Page et al. | 2016 | Post-vaccine | Mpumalanga | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2014–2015 | 220 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 48 (21.8) | A | [45] |
| Page et al. | 2016 | Post-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2014–2015 | 96 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 34 (35.4) | A | [45] |
| Page et al. | 2016 | Post-vaccine | Free state | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | April–Dec., 2015 | 113 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 17 (15.0) | A | [45] |
| Page et al. | 2016 | Post-vaccine | Northern Cape | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | April–Dec., 2015 | 55 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 13 (23.6) | B | [45] |
| Page et al. | 2016 | Post-vaccine | Limpopo | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | April–Dec., 2015 | 32 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 2 (6.3) | B | [45] |
| Page et al. | 2014 | Post-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2013 (12 months) | 401 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 113 (28.2) | A | [46] |
| Page et al. | 2014 | Post-vaccine | Western Cape | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2013 (12 months) | 432 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 149 (34.3) | A | [46] |
| Page et al. | 2014 | Post-vaccine | Mpumalanga | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2013 (12 months) | 191 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 45 (23.6) | A | [46] |
| Page et al. | 2014 | Post-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2013 (12 months) | 73 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 23 (31.5) | B | [46] |
| Iyaloo et al. | 2013 | Post-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2012 (12 months) | 369 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 66 (17.9) | A | [35] |
| Iyaloo et al. | 2013 | Post-vaccine | Western Cape | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2012 (12 months) | 359 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 70 (19.5) | A | [35] |
| Iyaloo et al. | 2013 | Post-vaccine | Mpumalanga | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2012 (12 months) | 209 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 41 (19.6) | A | [35] |
| Iyaloo et al. | 2013 | Post-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2012 (12 months) | 57 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 13 (22.8) | B | [35] |
| Tshangela et al. | 2012 | Post-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2011 (12 months) | 486 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 90 (18.5) | A | [47] |
| Tshangela et al. | 2012 | Post-vaccine | Western Cape | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2011 (12 months) | 497 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 152 (30.6) | A | [47] |
| Tshangela et al. | 2012 | Post-vaccine | Mpumalanga | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2011 (12 months) | 147 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 32 (21.8) | A | [47] |
| Tshangela et al. | 2012 | Post-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2011 (12 months) | 93 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 28 (30.1) | B | [47] |
| NICD | 2010 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2009 (7 months) | 641 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 307 (47.9) | A | [48] |
| NICD | 2010 | Pre-vaccine | Mpumalanga | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2009 (7 months) | 189 | ELISA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 91 (48.1) | A | [48] |
| Seheri et al. | 2010a | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2003–2006 | 3191 | IDEIA, RT-PCR | <5 years | 729 (22.8) | A | [49] |
| Seheri et al. | 2010b | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2003–2005 | 1870 | IDEIA RT-PCR |
<5 years | 436 (23.3) | A | [50] |
| Seheri et al. | 2010b | Pre-vaccine | North West | Hospitalized | Sentinel surveillance | 2004–2005 | 450 | IDEIA RT-PCR |
<5 years | 82 (18.2) | A | [50] |
| Potgieter et al. | 2010 | Pre-vaccine | Limpopo | Outpatients | Cross-sectional | 1998–2000 | 420 | ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR | <5 years | 111 (26.4) | A | [51] |
| Le Roux et al. | 1997 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1996–1997 | 335 | ELISA | <2 years | 47 (14) | B | [52] |
| Bos et al. | 1992 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1989 (12 months) | 292 | ELISA | <3 years | 96 (33) | A | [53] |
| Geyer et al. | 1992 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1988 (6 months) | 108 | ELISA | <3 years | 14 (13) | B | [54] |
| Baxter et al. | 1992 | Pre-vaccine | Eastern Cape | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1989–1990 | 803 | ELISA | <2 years | 104 (13) | A | [55] |
| Griffiths et al. | 1992 | Pre-vaccine | Eastern Cape | Outpatients | Cross-sectional | 1988–1989 | 216 | IDEIA, PAGE, EM | <5 years | 71 (32.9) | A | [56] |
| Sebastian | 1990 | Pre-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1984–1985 | 3630 | ELISA | <2 years | 799 (22) | B | [57] |
| Loening et al. | 1989 | Pre-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Community-based | Cross-sectional | 1985–1986 | 324 | ELISA | <5 years | 50 (15.4) | A | [58] |
| Tiemessen et al. | 1989 | Pre-vaccine | Mpumalanga | Outpatients | Cross-sectional | 1985–1986 | 310 | ELISA, EM | <2 years | 44 (14.2) | A | [59] |
| Steinhardt et al. | 1989 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1984–1985 | 455 | EM | <4 years | 118 (26) | C | [60] |
| Steele et al., | 1988 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1983–1986 | 1316 | ELISA, EM | <5 years | 320 (24.3) | A | [61] |
| Steele and Alexander | 1988 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1983–1986 | 1571 | ELISA | <5 years | 398 (25) | A | [62] |
| Househam et al. | 1988 | Pre-vaccine | Western Cape | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1981–1982 | 545 | ELISA | <2 years | 98 (18) | B | [63] |
| Steele et al. | 1986a | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1982 (10 months) | 256 | ELISA | <3 years | 92 (36.0) | B | [64] |
| Steele et al., | 1986b | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1983–1985 | 788 | ELISA | <3 years | 181 (23) | A | [65] |
| Kidd et al. | 1986 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1982–1983 | 616 | ELISA | <2 years | 85 (13.8) | B | [66] |
| Mackenjee et al. | 1984 | Pre-vaccine | Kwazulu-Natal | Outpatients | Cross-sectional | 1982–1983 | 221 | ELISA | <2 years | 57 (25.8) | B | [67] |
| Schoub et al. | 1982 | Pre-vaccine | Gauteng | Hospitalized | Cross-sectional | 1981 (1 year) | 114 | ELISA, EM | <2 years | 39 (34.2) | B | [68] |
EIA = enzyme immune assay, RT-PCR = reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, EM = electron microscopy.