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. 2021 Oct 15;22(20):11116. doi: 10.3390/ijms222011116

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A simplified model of light-dependent and -independent regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. During light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis, photoreceptors sense different wavelengths of light and are activated to be transferred into the nucleus, then the HY5-COP1-SPA complex is rearranged to dissociate HY5 protein and to avoid the degradation of HY5 transcription factors. HY5 positively regulates the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and lead to pigment accumulation. During light-independent anthocyanin biosynthesis, positive or negative transcription factors are activated or suppressed to form an MBW complex regulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes.