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. 2021 Oct 6;10(10):1286. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101286

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Morphological change of P. gingivalis cells. (A) SEM analysis. P. gingivalis cells were treated with CLE at MIC or vehicle control for 30 min. Four different areas of CLE- and vehicle control-treated cells were shown. Scale: 1000 nm. (B) High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) analysis. P. gingivalis cell morphology was monitored with a BIXAM system (Olympus) at nanometer scale. P. gingivalis cells were immobilized on glass slides and treated with CLE at 4-fold MIC (64 µg/mL). Nanometer-scale dynamics were continuously monitored. Shown are images of the cells before (Pre) and 7, 16, and 28 min after treatment with curry leaf (t = 7, 16, and 28). See also Supplemental Movies S1 and S2.