Table 2.
Overview of MS-based metabolomics in NASH/NAFLD human studies.
| Study Number | Study Aim | Sample Type | Data Release | Omics Type | Analytical Method | Metabolic Alterations | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | D | liver | NA | UL | LC-MS | TG, FA, CER | (Luukkonen et al., 2016) [107] |
| 2 | D | serum | NA | TM | LC-MS | AA, TCA | (Sookoian et al., 2016) [108] |
| 3 | D | plasma | NA | UM | LC-MS | AA | (Jin et al., 2016) [109] |
| 4 | D | serum | NA | UM | LC-MS | PL, PN, PTA, CE, I | (Tan et al., 2016) [110] |
| 5 | DV | serum | NA | UM | LC-MS | AA, OA, B, CR, PC, lyso-PC | (Chen et al., 2016) [101] |
| 6 | D | serum | NA | TM, TL | LC-MS | Lyso-PC, PC, AA, SM | (Feldman et al., 2017) [111] |
| 7 | DV | plasma | NA | UM, UL | LC-MS, GC-MS | AA, lyso-PC, PE | (Zhou et al.,, 2016) [112] |
| 8 | D | serum, liver | NA | UL | LC-MS, GC-MS | FA, TG, PC | (Luukkonen et al., 2017) [97] |
| 9 | D | serum | NA | UM, UL | LC-MS | TG, DG, FA, CER | (Alonso et al., 2017) [99] |
| 10 | D | liver | NA | UL | LC-MS | PS, TG, CER, PE, PC, PI, SM, CE, DG, FA | (Chiappini et al., 2017) [113] |
| 11 | D | urine | NA | UM | LC-MS | NAC, AA | (Dong et al., 2017) [114] |
| 12 | D | urine | NA | UM | GC-MS | G; AAD; X | (Troisi et al., 2017) [115] |
| 13 | D | RBC | UR | TL | GC-MS | FA | (Notarnicola et al., 2017) [116] |
| 14 | D | serum | NA | UM | LC-MS | AAD | (Qi et al., 2017) [117] |
| 15 | D | serum | NA | TM, TL | LC-MS | AA, CE, SM, CER, GPC | (Papandreou et al., 2017) [118] |
| 16 | D | serum | NA | UL | LC-MS | TG | (Yang et al., 2017) [119] |
| 17 | D | serum | NA | TL | LC-MS | NS | (Hu et al., 2018) [120] |
| 18 | DV | serum | NA | UM, UL | LC-MS | TG | (Mayo et al., 2018) [102] |
| 19 | D | serum | NA | UL | LC-MS | PC, SM | (Tiwari-Heckler et al., 2018) [121] |
| 20 | D | plasma, liver | NA | UL | LC-MS | PC, CL, CoQ, ACR | (Peng et al., 2018) [122] |
| 21 | DV | serum | NA | UM | LC-MS, GC-MS | AA, PT, FA, BA, ST | (Caussy et al., 2018) [100] |
| 22 | D | serum | NA | UM | LC-MS | AA, PC, UR | (de Mello et al., 2020) [123] |
| 23 | D | plasma | NA | UM | LC-MS | AA, lyso-PC | (Khusial et al., 2019) [106] |
| 24 | D | liver | NA | TM | LC-MS | RPD | (Zhong et al., 2019) [98] |
| 25 | D | serum | NA | UL, TM | LC-MS, GC-MS | DG, PC, PG, SM, PE, FA, GL | (Perakakis et al., 2019) [105] |
D: discovery; V: validation; NA: no information available; UR: data available upon request; U: untargeted; T: targeted; M: metabolomics; L: lipidomics; LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; RBC: red blood cells; TG: triglycerides, FA: free fatty acids; DCE: dihydroceramides; CER: ceramides; TCA: Krebs cycle; PL: phospholipase; PN: purine nucleotide; PTA: phosphatidic acid; CE: cholesterol ester; I: inosine; OA: oleamide; B: bilirubin; PC: phosphatidylcholines; CR: carnitines; SM: sphingomyelin; PE: phosphoethanolamine; DG: diglycerides; PI: phosphatidylinositols; PS: phosphatidylserines; NAC: nucleic acids; AAD: amino acids derivatives; G: glucose; X: xylitol; GP: glycerophosphocholines; NS: nothing significant in omics data; CL: cardiolipin, CoQ: ubiquinone; ACR: acylcarnitine; PT: pentose; BA: bile acids; ST: steroids; UR: uridine; RPD: retinoid derivatives; PG: phosphatidylglycerol; GL: glycosMulti-omic studies in NASH.