Table 1.
| Parameters | ILs | DES | NADES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Components | Ionic bonding: organic cation and organic or inorganic anion | Hydrogen bonding: HBA mixed with HBD | Hydrogen bonding: HBA mixed with HBD (primer metabolites that are found in nature) |
| Melting point | Below 100 °C | Below 100 °C | Below 100 °C |
| Polarity range | Wide | Wide | Wide |
| Solubility | High | High | High |
| Stability | Stable (liquid) | Some can turn back into solids | Some can turn back into solids |
| Viscosity | High | High | High |
| Thermolability | Heat resistant | Thermolabile | Thermolabile |
| Separation | Easy | Hard | Hard |
| Cost | Relatively high | Relatively low | Relatively low |
| Preparation of solvent | Hard | Easy | Easy |
| Toxicity | High | Lower than ILs | Low |
| Biodegradability | Medium | High | High |
| Environmentally friendly | Medium | High | High |
| Recyclability | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Cited from: Chemat et al., 2019 and Benvenutti et al., 2019 with modification.