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Resveratrol (RSV) restores the reduction in ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation caused by IS in osteoblasts. IS inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK through the AhR pathway in the osteoblast cytoplasm, which then reduces the expression of Runx2 to impede osteoblast differentiation. RSV, an AhR antagonist, restores the reduction in ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation due to IS and then improves the expression of Runx2 to promote osteoblast differentiation.
