Table 1.
Normative values for CIMT. An overview of studies.
| Study | Population | Number of Participants | Site of CIMT Assessment | CIMT Cut-Off | CIMT Determinant | CIMT Cut-Off |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lim, T.K., et al. 2008 [48] | Healthy individuals: no CVD, no hypertension, no diabetes, BMI < 30 kg/m2, and total cholesterol < 6 mmol/L. | 137 women and men | Bilaterally, far wall of CCA and CB |
Over 97.5th percentile of the distribution | CCA and age: 35–39 y.o. 40–49 y.o. 50–59 y.o. over 60 y.o. |
0.60 mm 0.64 mm 0.71 mm 0.81 mm |
| CB and age: 30–39 y.o. 40–49 y.o. 50–59 y.o. over 60 y.o. |
0.83 mm 0.77 mm 0.85 mm 1.05 mm |
|||||
| Estíbaliz, J., et al. 2010 [49] | Healthy individuals with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, blood pressure < 160/90 mmHg, LDL-C < 160 mg/dL, HDL-C > 30 mg/dL, TG < 200 mg/dL, glycaemia < 125 mg/dL, creatinine < 2 mg/dL, or thyrotropin < 6 μU/mL. |
74 women 64 men | Bilaterally, the average CIMT of the CCA, CB, and ICA | Over 75th percentile of the distribution | Female and age: <25 y.o. 25–34 y.o. 35–44 y.o. 45–54 y.o. 55–64 y.o. >64 y.o. Male and age: <25 y.o. 25–34 y.o. 35–44 y.o. 45–54 y.o. 55–64 y.o. >64 y.o. |
0.52 mm 0.58 mm 0.65 mm 0.70 mm 0.80 mm 0.93 mm 0.59 mm 0.67 mm 0.66 mm 0.72 mm 0.81 mm 0.95 mm |
| Diaz, A., et al. 2018 [50] | Healthy individuals: BP < 140/90 mmHg in adults and < 90th percentile in younger subjects; no history of CVD, pulmonary, or renal disease; not taking antihyperlipidemic, blood lowering, or antidiabetic drugs; glycaemia < 110 mg/dL; total cholesterol <200 mg/dL; TG < 150 mg/dL and < 130 mg/dL for adults and subjects between 10 to 17 years, respectively. | 391 women 621 men |
Bilaterally, averaged far wall of the CCA |
Over 75th percentile of the distribution | Female and age: <20 y.o. 25; 35 y.o. 40; 50 y.o. 55; 65 y.o. ≥70 y.o. Male and age: <20 y.o. 25; 35 y.o. 40; 50 y.o. 55; 65 y.o. ≥70 y.o. |
0.47 mm 0.49; 0.55 mm 0.58; 0.67 mm 0.72; 0.83 mm 0.89 mm 0.49 mm 0.51; 0.56 mm 0.60; 0.68 mm 0.72; 0.83 mm 0.89 mm |
| Engelen, L., et al. 2013 [51] | 24 research centers worldwide. Individuals without CVD or CV risk factors (BP < 140/90 mmHg), no current smoking, glucose < 7.0 and/or post-load plasma glucose < 11.0 mmol/L, total cholesterol < 6.2 mmol/L, HDL-C > 1.17 mmol/L (for men) and > 1.30 mmol/L (for women), BMI < 30 kg/m2, and no BP-, lipid-, and/or glucose-lowering medication | 2241 women 1993 men |
Bilaterally, averaged far wall of the CCA |
Over 75th percentile of the distribution | Female and age: <20 y.o. 25; 35 y.o. 40; 50 y.o. 55; 65 y.o. 70; 80 y.o. ≥85 y.o. Male and age: <20 y.o. 25; 35 y.o. 40; 50 y.o. 55; 65 y.o. 70; 80 y.o. ≥85 y.o. |
0.47 mm 0.50; 0.55 mm 0.58; 0.64 mm 0.66; 0.72 mm 0.75; 0.80 mm 0.83 mm 0.48 mm 0.51; 0.57 mm 0.59; 0.65 mm 0.68; 0.74 mm 0.80; 0.83 mm 0.86 mm |
| Randrianarisoa, E., et al. 2015 [52] | Healthy individuals: no CVD, no classic CV risk factors, and exclusion of metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal the body fat distribution, and prediabetes | 428 women 373 men |
Bilaterally, far wall of the CCA |
Over 90% limits of the distribution | Female and age: 18–29 y.o. 30–39 y.o. 40–49 y.o. 50–59 y.o. Male and age: 18–29 y.o. 30–39 y.o. 40–49 y.o. 50–59 y.o. |
0.47 mm 0.59 mm 0.67 mm 0.70 mm 0.47 mm 0.62 mm 0.72 mm 0.80 mm |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CB, carotid bulb; CCA, common carotid artery; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ICA, internal carotid artery; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.