Figure 3.

Mass gain (A) and amounts of consumed (B), assimilated (C) and metabolized food (D) (mean ± SE) in the 4th instar GML depending on the botanical type (Bot) (anise, dill and fennel EOs, commercial neem-based insecticide) and concentration (Conc). F−values indicate significance of the effects of Bot, Conc and interaction terms in two-way ANOVA (* p ˂ 0.05, *** p ˂ 0.001). Significant differences among specific experimental groups are presented by different capital colored letters A, B (EO and neem comparisons within each concentration) and small letters a, b (comparisons among concentrations within each EO and neem) (LSM contrasts, p ˂ 0.05).