Table 1.
Chemical composition of essential oils obtained from seeds of anise (Pimpinella anisum), dill (Anethum graveolens) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Compounds are grouped according to their chemical class and total portion of each class is presented in bold. Contents of major compounds are also given in bold. RIlit—Kovats retention indices; RIexp—values for retention indices on the HP-5 column; tr—contents < 0.05%.
| RIlit | RIexp | Compound | Contribution to Essential Oil (% m/m) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anise | Dill | Fennel | |||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 0.61 | 45.50 | 4.12 | ||
| 921 | 919 | Tricyclene | - | 0.13 | - |
| 924 | 924 | α-Thujene | 0.61 | 0.44 | - |
| 932 | 924 | α-Pinene | - | - | 1.53 |
| 946 | 938 | Camphene | - | - | 0.16 |
| 969 | 965 | Sabinene | - | - | tr |
| 974 | 967 | β-Pinene | - | - | 0.13 |
| 988 | 986 | β-Myrcene | - | 0.51 | tr |
| 1002 | 996 | α-Phellandrene | - | 13.12 | 0.38 |
| 1008 | 1003 | δ-3-Carene | - | - | tr |
| 1020 | 1018 | p-Cymene | - | 2.26 | 0.28 |
| 1024 | 1021 | Limonene | - | 29.04 | 1.32 |
| 1054 | 1052 | γ-Terpinene | - | - | 0.32 |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 4.75 | 52.79 | 26.38 | ||
| 1026 | 1024 | 1,8-cineole | 2.35 | - | 0.17 |
| 1083 | 1080 | Fenchone | - | - | 25.56 |
| 1095 | 1097 | Linalool | 0.43 | - | - |
| 1141 | 1135 | Camphor | - | - | 0.65 |
| 1148 | 1146 | Menthone | - | 0.42 | - |
| 1158 | 1156 | iso-Menthone | - | 0.17 | - |
| 1161 | 1166 | neo-Menthol | - | 0.28 | - |
| 1174 | 1172 | Terpinen-4-ol | 0.05 | - | - |
| 1184 | 1176 | Dill ether | - | 6.52 | - |
| 1186 | 1185 | α-Terpineol | 0.22 | - | - |
| 1191 | 1189 | cis-Dihydrocarvone | - | 1.52 | - |
| 1200 | 1196 | trans-Dihydrocarvone | - | 0.81 | - |
| 1212 | 1210 | iso-Dihydrocarveol | - | 0.14 | - |
| 1226 | 1223 | neoiso-Dihydrocarveol | - | 0.46 | - |
| 1239 | 1238 | Carvone | - | 42.47 | - |
| 1380 | 1388 | Anisyl methyl ketone | 1.70 | - | - |
| Phenylpropanoids | 92.91 | 0.00 | 69.28 | ||
| 1195 | 1193 | Methyl chavicol (estragole) | 5.32 | - | 3.44 |
| 1249 | 1248 | cis-Anethol | 0.11 | - | 0.79 |
| 1282 | 1280 | trans-Anethol | 87.48 | - | 65.05 |
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 1.41 | 0.24 | 0 | ||
| 1374 | 1366 | α-Copaene | tr | - | - |
| 1400 | 1397 | β-Longipinene | 0.10 | - | - |
| 1471 | 1470 | Dauca-5,8-diene | - | 0.24 | - |
| 1500 | 1480 | γ-Himachalene | 1.31 | - | - |
| Total identified | 99.68 | 98.53 | 99.78 | ||