Figure 1.

Chronic restraint stress (CRS) effects on behavioral emotionality at experimental week 5. (A) Timeline of CRS and behavioral testing. Behavioral performances measured throughout the chronic stress exposure can be found in supplementary Materials; this figure only illustrates the results obtained on week 5. CRS increases coat state degradation (B) and reduces sucrose intake (C). In the PhenoTyper test, CRS increased time in the shelter measured either for 5 hours after the light challenge (D) or hourly (E). CRS increased the overall z-score of behavioral emotionality (F). All data presented as mean ± SEM.*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, and ****P < .0001 compared with control group. Females are denoted with a triangle and males with a circle.