Effect of cRG-I on microbial composition (phylum level) in the lumen (log cells/mL as estimated via multiplying total cell counts (cells/mL) with 16S rRNA gene profiling (%)) (A,B) and mucus (%) (C) of the simulated proximal and distal colon of the quad-M-SHIME at the end of the control (C: Day 14) and treatment period (TR: Day 35). Average absolute (cells/mL as estimated via multiplying total cell counts (cells/mL) with 16S rRNA gene profiling (%)) (A) and proportional (%) (B,C) levels of different phyla are shown for each of the four human adult donors tested (n = 3 for donor 1, 2, 3, and 4; samples collected during the last control and treatment week). cRG-I = carrot-derived Rhamnogalacturonan I, DC = distal colon, PC = proximal colon.