Body weight and plasma profile of offspring. Male (A) and female (B) offspring were weighed once a week. Plasma insulin (C), leptin (D), triglyceride (TG) (G) and total cholesterol (Cho) (H) of male offspring were measured at weaning and 18 weeks. Plasma insulin (E), leptin (F), TG (I) and Cho (J) of female offspring were measured at weaning and 18 weeks. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 5–8 per group). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, # main effect of maternal metformin, p < 0.05 versus control, § main effect of maternal HF diet, p < 0.05 versus maternal CHOW diet, * interaction effect of maternal HF diet and metformin, p < 0.05.