Figure 3.

mRNA expression of myogenesis-related genes and representative histological sections of offspring skeletal muscle. mRNA expression of myogenesis-related genes was measured in skeletal muscle of PND21 males (A), PND21 females (B), 18W males (C) and 18W females (D). (E) H&E staining of representative histological sections of skeletal muscle. Scale bar = 10 μm. Percentage of interstitium in muscle of male (F) and female (G) offspring, and muscle cross-sectional area of male (H) and female (I) offspring were analyzed. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 5–8 per group). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, ^# main effect of maternal metformin, p < 0.05 versus control, ^§ main effect of maternal HF diet, p < 0.05 versus maternal CHOW diet, * interaction effect of maternal HF diet and metformin, p < 0.05. Myf5, myogenic factor 5; MyoD, myogenic differentiation antigen; Myog, myogenin; MRF4, muscle regulatory factor 4.